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女性冠心病的临床特点及治疗策略(综述)

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摘要 女性冠心病发病呈上升趋势,其临床特点与男性存在明显不同。其发病年龄较晚,症状多不典型,心电图假阳性率高,伴发疾病更多,危险因素较男性多。主要风险因素与男性不同。病变主要以小血管为主,冠状动脉造影阴性率高,多支病变发生率显著高于男性。其更多并发症发生,就诊及诊断延迟,总体预后差,较男性更高的心因性死亡率及心血管事件发生率。治疗策略:女性患者应以更严格地控制血糖、血脂及体重、增加运动量为主;抗血小板治疗出血风险较男性高,易出现阿司匹林抵抗,服用氯吡格雷的获益主要来自心肌梗死发生率的降低;接受血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂治疗,其出血发生率高,应严格掌握适应证。介入治疗:直接血管成形术疗效优于溶栓。女性出血发生率高,行直接血运重建率低。植入裸支架(BMS)后再狭窄发生率较男性低,而植入药物涂层支架(DES),男女无显著差异。进行血运重建难度较男性大,无论是冠脉介入治疗还是行冠状动脉旁路移植术均有较高死亡率。雌激素替代治疗未取得良好效果,故不作为临床常规治疗。
作者 赵海松
出处 《中国城乡企业卫生》 2013年第2期23-26,共4页 Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene
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