妊娠糖尿病的筛查诊断和药物治疗进展(综述)

Screening and diagnosis and medication of gestational diabetes mellitus

妊娠糖尿病(GDM)是在妊娠过程中首次发生的任何程度的糖耐量异常,其发病机制与多种因素相关。GDM筛查和诊断的最终目的是改善围产儿预后。妊娠期间血糖水平对母体、妊娠结局及围产儿的预后有着重要的影响。治疗妊娠糖尿病的药物要能有效控制血糖、对胎儿影响小、低血糖事件少及患者依从性好。目前治疗妊娠糖尿病的药物仍以胰岛素为主,但部分口服降糖药也逐渐进入人们的视野。现就妊娠糖尿病的筛查诊断和药物治疗进展进行概述。

Gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）is defined as any degree of impaired glucose.tolerauce, with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.The pathogenesis of GDM is related to many factors.The ultimate goal for screening and diagnosing GDM is to improve perinatal outcomes. The blood glucose level significantly impacts on maternal, results of pregnancy and perinatal prognosis during pregnancy.The drugs which be used to treat GDM need to control blood glucose well, affect little on fetus, have less incidence of hypoglycemia and with good compliance of patients.Although insulin is still the most important selection of medications treating GDM,some oral hypoglycemie agents are gradually entering people＇ s field of vision. Here summarizes the screening and diagnosis and medication of GDM.