大豆品种生育期分类的研究进展

Recent Advances in Soybean Varieties Classification Based on Growth Period

大豆是重要的油料作物和粮食作物,在世界各地广泛分布。由于大豆单一品种适应范围较窄,需要有各种类型的品种来适应不同的生态条件。所以,对这些类型丰富、数量众多的品种进行合理分类是提高其应用效率的重要课题。根据生育期进行分类是大豆分类的主要方法,北美生育期组已成为国际通用的生育期分类标准。这种方法对一熟制产区非常适用,但对不同播季的大豆生育期比较是非常困难的。我国大豆种植制度复杂,国内学者进行了大量反映我国大豆品种分布特点的区划研究,但缺乏区域间品种生育期比较标准。随着国际交流的深入,越来越需要有既能反映国内品种分布特点又能和国际接轨的分类方法,国内学者由此做了一些相关研究,为国际交流提供了便利。随着分子生物学的发展,未来可能根据大豆生育期基因类型建立更具有稳定性的分类标准。

As an important oil and grain crops, soybean widely distributed all over the world. Because single soybean variety a- dapt to a narrow range of latitudes, various types of varieties were required to suit different ecological conditions. Therefore ,it is important topic to reasonably classify these varieties into different groups so as to increase their use efficiency. Classification of soybean based on character of growth period is the main method. Maturity group（MG） suggested by American is a similar meth- od and becomes an international standard because of accuracy and convenient operation. The sowing dates is various among producing areas in China. Domestic scholars have determined a lot of soybean regionalization research and describe relative ma- turity on a local basis,but it has not been successful in describing relative maturity over different sowing date. However, with the frequent international exchange, it is of vital importance to establish a common method not only can describe the feature of the distribution of soybean varieties in China but also connect to international general standard. Along with the development of molecular biology,a more stable soybean growth period classification standard may be build depending on the genes regulating soybean maturity.