钢轨在动载荷作用下的动应力响应特性分析

Analysis of dynamic stress response of rail under dynamic load

为寻找钢轨在车轮动载荷作用下的最大动应力响应点,确定轨道超偏载检测传感器的合理安装位置。利用轨道弹射实验台提供的模拟轨道,运用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS,建立包含轮轨接触关系的模拟轨道有限元模型,分析研究钢轨在车轮移动载荷作用下的动应力响应规律。同时通过实验验证有限元分析的结果。通过有限元分析与实验分析得到钢轨侧面上的应力分布与变化规律研究。研究结果表明:钢轨在车轮动载荷作用下,在钢轨侧面上沿钢轨横截面法向正应力响应最大,最大应力响应点在钢轨跨中最上方,将轨道超偏载检测传感器安装在最大应力响应点附近可显著提高信号的信噪比。

In order to research the maximum dynamic stress response point of rail under wheel moving load, and determine the reasonable installation position of overload and unbalance - loading detection sensor, a finite ele- ment model, which includes wheel- rail contact relationship, was built based on rail test bench. The dynamic stress response of rail was analysed by explicit dynamic finite element method with nonlinear finite element soft- ware ABAQUS. The change rule of dynamic stress response of rail under wheel moving load was investigated and validated by attaching strain gages on side of rail. The distribution and variation law of stress on side of rail was derived by finite element analysis and experimental. Analysis results show that the direction of maximum positive stress response is perpendicular to rail cross section. And the maximum stress response point is located in the top of the middle span of the rail. Thus the signal to noise ratio can be highly imporoved by virtue of setting up the overload and unbalance loading detection sensor near maximum dynamic stress response point.