当代俄罗斯的地方自治制度在农村基层的实践初探——以鄂木斯克州的德鲁任斯基农村居民点为例

Contemporary Russia's Local Autonomy System in the Practice of Rural Area——Take Druzhinski Rural Residential Unit in Omsk State as a Sample

俄罗斯地方自治制度是俄罗斯联邦宪政制度的重要组成。俄罗斯实行两级地方自治制度,这就是:地区级别的地方自治和地区所辖市、镇、村居民点的地方自治。本文以鄂木斯克州德鲁任斯基农村居民点为例,对俄罗斯联邦地方自治制度在地区所辖市、镇、村居民点这一基层层次的具体实施方式、分权方式和存在的问题进行探讨。俄罗斯农村居民点的地方自治的基本原则是:公民自主地解决地方性事务,地方自治机关组织上独立,地方自治的组织形式多样,财政物资条件与地方自治权限相适应。地方自治机关之间的关系,不再是领导和被领导的关系。他们在原则上是平等的。俄罗斯农村居民点的地方自治的经验对我国农村基层民主建设有重要借鉴作用。

The Russian system of local autonomy is an important component of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Russia pays highly attention to the construction of local autonomy system in rural areas and takes a two - level system of local autonomy. To take Druzhiski rural residential unit in Omsk state as an object, the article studied how to implement local autonomy in Russian rural area, probed not only the method of decentralization but also other problems. The basic principle of local autonomy in rural area is ： to solve own local affairs, the local self - government is independent. There are many forms of local autonomy and all the subject of local autonomy is equal by law status in contemporary Russia. The sample of the Russian system of local autonomy can be taken as experience for the democracy construction in rural areas of China.