福建省2005-2011年细菌性痢疾流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of bacillary dysentery in Fujian province,2005-2011

目的探讨福建省2005-2011年细菌性痢疾的流行特征,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对福建省卫生机构2005-2011年通过全国疾病监测系统报告的细菌性痢疾数据进行描述性分析。结果 2005-2011年发病率呈下降趋势(χt2rend=703.98,P<0.05)。7～9月为细菌性痢疾高发期,0～岁组发病率最高。男性发病率(6.96/10万)显著高于女性(4.95/10万),χ2=427.08,P<0.05。乡村发病率(6.35/10万)高于城镇(5.61/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ2=57.48,P<0.05)。发病率前3位地区分别为厦门、龙岩和漳州。散居儿童是最主要的发病人群,构成比为35.68%。最高诊断以临床诊断为主,其次为实验室诊断。结论一些地区发病率仍然较高,乡村较城镇的发病情况严重,5岁以下儿童是细菌性痢疾高发人群,有关部门应根据流行特征采取有效的预防控制措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiologieal features of bacillary dysentery in Fujian province in 2005-2011, and to provide scientific basis for disease control and prevention. Methods Data of bacillary dysentery cases reported by health institutions in Fujian province through the National Disease Surveillance System from 2005 to 2011, was collected and analyzed descriptively. Results In general, the incidence of bacillary dysentery showed a down-ward trend from 2005 to 2011 （X^2rona = 703. 98, P〈0. 05） . The peak season was from July to September, and the highest incidence was found to be in those younger than 5 years old. The difference of incidence between male （6.96 per 100 thousand population） and female （4.95 per 100 thousand population） was statistically significant （x^2 = 427.08, P〈0.05）, as well as between those from rural area （6.35 per 100 thousand） and from city （5.61 per 100 thousand population） （x^2 = 57.48, P〈 0.05） . Most cases appeared in Xiamen, Longyan and Zhangzhou and were scattered children which accounted for 35.68% of total patients. Majority were diagnosed clinically instead of by laboratory diagnosis. Conclu- sions The incidence of bacillary dysentery in some regions is still high especially in rural areas, and children under 5 years old are at high-risk, therefore, more effective preventive measures should be applied.