柠檬酸提取工艺的研究进展

Research progress on the separation of citric acid

柠檬酸是一种重要的有机酸,广泛应用于食品、医药及化妆品等行业。近年来,我国柠檬酸的产量、出口量呈上升趋势,2003年我国柠檬酸产量45万吨,出口30万吨。到2006年,我国柠檬酸产量约70万吨,年出口量50万吨,产量和贸易量均居世界第一。柠檬酸的生产主要采用微生物发酵法。发酵醪液中含有多种杂质,因此,需要通过各种物理及化学方法脱除这些杂质,得到符合国家标准的柠檬酸产品。传统钙盐法提取技术存在工艺复杂,收率低、能耗大等诸多问题。本文重点阐述针对传统存在问题而提出的新型提取方法,包括吸附法,萃取法,膜分离法以及工业色谱法各方法的原理,研究进展以及存在问题。

Citric acid is an important organic acid with wide usages in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. The citric acid production was 450, 000 tons and its output was 300, 000 tons in China in 2003. Until 2007, the a- mount was 700, 000 tons and 500, 000 tons, separately. It is the biggest in the world. The biological fermentation process is widely used in the citric acid production. The fermentation contains a lot of materials and needs the chemical and physical method to purify the product. The calcium precipitation technology has a series of problems, such as the complicated process, the low yield and high energy consumption. This review introduces new separation methods inclu- ding ion exchange adsorption, extraction, membrane separation and industrial chromatography.