培养儿童空间认知能力的有效途径探究——以拆拼孔明锁为例

Way to Cultivate Children’s Spatial Sense Taking the Kong Ming Lock——a Traditional Chinese Puzzle as an Example

8~10岁年龄段儿童在解答立体玩具中体现出的空间思维特点是：对色彩鲜艳、构造简单的立体玩具较感兴趣;喜欢自主动手操作,在操作中不断熟悉各部件的空间组合方式;拆拼立体玩具时,起初借助研究,后期则主要从结构上观察、思考拆拼规律;能够借助有条理的方法从正逆两个方向探索并总结解决一类问题的程序;对空间坐标系有直觉感知,知道拼装立体玩具的关键是先搭建一个适当的空间十字架;不习惯阅读说明书中的立体示意图.拼装立体玩具是培养儿童空间观念的有效途径,建议学校适当组建这方面的兴趣小组.

The spatial thinking features of 8-10 year old children： First of all, it was the colorful appearance and simplicity of the structure that aroused their interests in playing with the puzzle. Second, they liked solving these puzzles by their own hands through which they get familiarized with the structure of various parts. Also, during the solving process, they started with the colors and eventually turned into the structure of parts for searching the solution pattern. Furthermore, they were able to use systematic ways （such as numbering different parts） to summarize the solving process, which worked both forward and backward. In fact Children had the intuitive sense of the spatial coordinate system and the key of solving the puzzle is to set up an appropriate one. Finally they did not pay much attention on the manual and they do not used to reading 3D diagrams in it. Setting up a mathematics 3 dimensional ouzzle club in schools is certainly a oositive steo in this.