北京市海淀区产妇母乳中多溴联苯醚的初步调查

Survey on levels of polybromi nated dipenyl ethers in human breast milk from delivery women in Haidian district,Beijing

目的了解北京市海淀区产妇母乳中多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)的污染水平及新生儿经母乳的多溴联苯醚摄入量。方法于2011年通过征集母乳捐献志愿者方式采集36件母乳样本,并填写调查表,记录母乳捐献者的人口学特征及居住环境等信息。采用凝胶渗透色谱结合气相色谱-负化学源质谱法(GC-NCI-MS)测定母乳中8种多溴联苯醚同系物[2,4,4’-三溴联苯醚(BDE-28)、2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)、2,2’,4,4’,6-五溴联苯醚(BDE-100)、2,2’,4,4’,5-五溴联苯醚(BDE-99)、2,2’,4,4’,5,6’-六溴联苯醚(BDE-154)、2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-六溴联苯醚(BDE-153)、2,2’,3,4,4’,5’,6-七溴联苯醚(BDE-183)和十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)]的含量。并计算新生儿经母乳的多溴联苯醚每日摄入量。结果北京市海淀区产妇母乳中多溴联苯醚含量均值和中位数分别为12.08和2.94 ng/g脂肪,范围在0.22～112.02 ng/g脂肪之间。BDE-209是其中最主要的组分,平均贡献率为55.9%;在三至七溴联苯醚中,BDE-153贡献率最高,约为28%,其次是BDE-47和BDE-28,均约为15%。婴儿经母乳多溴联苯醚每日摄入量为82.91 ng/kg,范围在1.30～941.03 ng/kg之间。结论本次调查的海淀区母乳中多溴联苯醚污染水平处在较低的水平。

Objective To understand the residues and body burden of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in non- occupational exposure delivery women living in Haidian district, Beijing, and to estimate the breast-fed infants＇ daily intake of PBDEs via human breast milk. Methods The breast milk samples were collected from 36 healthy volunteer donors living in Haidian distinct in 2011. The personal information of donors, such as dietary habit and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors,were obtained by questionnaires. Eight PBDE congeners,including 2,4,4＇ -tribrominated dipenyl ether （BDE-28）, 2,2＇ ,4,4＇ - tetrabrominated dipenyl ether （BDE -47）,2,2＇ ,4,4＇ ,6 -pentabrominated dipenyl ether （BDE -100）,2,2＇ ,4,4＇ ,5 - pentabrominated dipenyl ether （BDE -99）, 2,2＇, 4,4＇, 5,6 ＇ -hexabrominated dipenyl ether （BDE - 154）, 2,2＇, 4,4＇, 5,5＇ - hexabrominated dipenyl ether （BDE- 153 ）, 2,2＇, 3,4,4＇, 5＇, 6-heptabrominated dipenyl ether （ BDE- 183） and decabrominated dipenyl ether（BDE-209） were measured by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry（GC-MS）,and to calculate the nursing infant＇s dietary intake of the studied PBDEs via human breast milk. Results The concentrations of total PBDEs ranged from 0.22 to 112.02 ng/g lipid,with a mean and median value of 12.08 and 2.94 ng/g lipid,respectively. BDE-209 was the dominant PBDE,average contribution was 55.9%. Among tri-BDEs to hepta-BDEs,BDE-153 was the dominant contributor,followed by BDE-47 and BDE-28. The contribution of BDE-153 in the total tri-BDEs to hepta-BDEs was 28%, and that of BDE-47 and BDE-28 was both 15%. The mean estimated daily intakes（EDIs） of total PBDEs by breast-fed infants was 82.91 ng/（kg-d） with a range of 1.30-941.03 ng/（kg .d）. Conclusion The PBDEs levels in human breast milk from delivery women in Haidian distinct are lower.