用于超级电容器电极材料的石墨烯基纳米复合物的种类和研究现状

The Classification and Research Progress of Graphene-based Nano-composites for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

超级电容器是目前研究较多的新型储能元件,其大的比电容、高的循环稳定性以及快速的充放电过程等优良特性,使其在电能储存及转化方面得到广泛应用。超级电容器的电极材料是它的技术核心。石墨烯作为一种新型的纳米材料,具有良好的导电性和较大的比表面积,可作为超级电容器的电极材料。利用其他导电物质对石墨烯进行改性和复合,可以在保持其本身独特优点的同时提高作为电极材料的导电率、循环稳定性等其他性能。本文从半导体/石墨烯复合材料、金属及金属氧化物/石墨烯复合材料、石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料3个方面综述了复合改性后的石墨烯在超级电容器电极材料方面的研究进展。通过对各复合物电极材料的制备方法和性能的对比分析,指出石墨烯基复合物作为超级电容器的电极材料的未来研究内容是开发低成本、高比容量和高循环稳定性的复合物。

Supercapacitor is a new type energy storage device studied widely. Because of its excellent characteristics, such as large specific capacitance, high cycle stability and fast charge and discharge process, it has been widely used in electrical energy storage and conversion. Electrode material is the core technology of supercapacitor. Graphene is a new nano material, it has excellent conductivity and large specific surface area; therefore, it can be used as electrode materials for the supercapacitor. The modify graphene with other conductive substances can not only increase the conductivity and cycle stability of electrode materials, but also maintain the unique advantages of graphene. Herein, the classification and research progress of the modified graphene electrode materials for supercapacitor including semiconductor/graphene nano-composites, metal and metal oxides/graphene nano-composites and graphene/conductive polymer nano-composites were reviewed. By comparing and analyzing the preparation methods and performances of the composite electrode materials, it is pointed out that the R＆D of the graphene-based composites as the electrode materials of supercapacitor with low-cost, high specific capacitance and high cycling stability will be future direction.