县域内城乡义务教育教师资源配置差异和政策建议

The Different Allocation of Teachers between Urban and Rural Schools within County and Policy Suggestions

随着农村学校办学条件等的逐步完善,如何科学合理地配置义务教育教师资源,促进义务教育均衡发展,开始成为政府、社会和学校共同关注的议题。本文的分析表明,多年来我国城乡义务教育学校间的教师资源一直呈现出一种不均衡的配置状态,农村学校教师不仅数量短缺,而且质量结构也不够合理。这一状况受到多重因素的影响,既有劳动力市场规律的因素,也有教师管理制度的因素;既有教育系统外部的条件因素,也有教育政策本身的因素。为此,有必要制订针对性措施来引导城乡学校间教师资源的合理均衡配置,不断提高农村学校教师队伍的整体素质,如新聘任教师继续向农村学校倾斜、适当调整教师编制、多途径改善教师薪酬待遇、为农村教师提供更多的优质教育培训。

With the improvement of the construction of rural schools, how to allocate the teachers resources reasonably and promote the balanced development of compulsory education, has become the common concerns of the government, society and schools. Research shows that the distribution of teachers between urban and rural schools over the years has becoming unbalanced in quantity, and more importantly, in the quality of structure. So it is necessary to implement targeted measures to guide reasonable and balanced allocation of urban and rural school teachers, and then improve the overall quality of teachers in rural schools. This can include the new appointment of teachers as priority, appropriately adjusting the authorized student- teachers ratio, improving teachers remuneration packages and providing more high-quality education and training program for rural teachers.