水曲柳优树子代测定与家系选育技术

Progeny Test of Superior Trees for Fraxinus mandshurica and Pedigree Breeding

综合生长性状和生物量性状,对黑龙江省伊春市带岭区试验点的53个家系9年生水曲柳表型优树进行子代变异分析,深入探讨了水曲柳家系选育技术。结果表明:水曲柳家系间的树高、胸径、地径和材积的差异均极显著;家系间的树高、胸径、地径和材积的变异幅度均比较大;材积的家系遗传力、遗传变异系数和遗传增益均高于其他生长性状,材积的家系遗传力为69.24%,遗传变异系数为38.98%,遗传增益为23.45%。从54个家系(包括当地对照种源)中按生长量高中低选取10个家系30个单株(包括当地水曲柳对照株)用于生物量分析和建立生物量与生长量的回归方程,进而得到其他参试家系的生物量;方差分析结果表明,参试家系间生物量差异极显著;生物量性状的家系遗传力(71.65%)、遗传变异系数(38.51%)、遗传增益(21.06%)均比较大。以生长量、生物量为指标对参试家系进行选择的结果有较高的一致性。本试验分别选出了10个生长性状优良和10个生物量性状优良的家系,并进一步选出9个生长性状和生物量性状均优的家系,其树高生长量高于对照31.05%～59.82%,其材积生长量高于对照75.22%～246.08%,生物量超过当地对照的17.76%～176.24%。

The progeny test on 53 families of nine-year old Fraxinus mandshurica in Dailing District was conducted on the basis of the growth and biomass traits. The selection technology of pedigree about F. mandshurica was explored. There are sig- nificant differences in the tree height, DBH, ground diameter and volume of timber among different families. There are wide variations in the tree height, DBH, ground diameter and timber volume between different families. Family beritabili- ty, genetic variation coefficient and genetic gain of timber volume are higher than any other growth traits. The family herita- bility of timber volume is 69.24%, while the genetic variation coefficient and the genetic gain are 38.98% and 23.45%, re- spectively. Ten families （ including the controls） involving 30 single plants were selected for biomass analysis from 54 fam- ilies by the growth level of high, medium and low. Then, the regression equation for the correlativity between hiomass and mass growth was established to determine the biomass of the other families. The difference of biomass among different families is extremely significant, and the biomass among different families is with wide variation. The family heritability （71.65%）, the genetic variation coefficient （38.51% ） and the genetic gain （21.06%） of biomass trait are high. The results of tested families by the growth trait and biomass trait are relatively consistent. Ten families with superior growth trait and ten families with superior biomass were picked out, respectively. Nine families with superior growth and biomass were picked out, final- ly. The height growth of nine families is 31.05% -59.82% higher than that of controls, and the timber volume is 75.22% - 246.08% higher than that of controls. The biomass is 17.76% -176.24% higher than that of controls.