天山云杉枯落物持水特性的空间异质性

Spatial Heterogeneity of Picea schrenkiana Forest Litter Water-holding Characteristics in the Tianshan Mountains

对新疆天山北部由西至东5个地点(昭苏、新源、呼图壁、天池、奇台)天山云杉枯落物持水特性进行研究。结果表明:昭苏、新源、呼图壁、天池和奇台天山云杉枯落物总储量分别为(9.00±0.47)、(8.48±0.32)、(8.92±0.52)、(11.10±0.33)、(10.74±0.30)t.hm-2。5个地点天山云杉枯落物的持水量、持水率随浸泡时间的增加均呈递增趋势,且半分解层的值均大于未分解层的;枯落物吸水速率随浸泡时间的增加呈递减趋势且半分解层吸水速率均大于未分解层。天山云杉枯落物的持水量与浸泡时间呈对数关系,其函数表达式为Q=kln(t)+p;吸水速率与浸泡时间呈幂函数关系,表达式为Y=kt;持水率与浸泡时间呈对数关系,函数表达式为S=kln(t)+p。5个地点天山云杉枯落物的总持水量由大到小的排序为天池、呼图壁、新源、昭苏、奇台,并且天池地区的总持水量与其他4个地区有明显差异。枯落物平均持水率由大到小的排序为呼图壁、新源、天池、昭苏、奇台,其中奇台与呼图壁和天池间有明显差异,奇台与新源和昭苏间无差异。

The research was conducted to study the water-holding characteristics of forest litter of Picea schrenkiana var. Tians- chanica in five different sites involving Zhaosu, Xinyuan, Hutubi, Tianchi and Qitai in the Tianshan Mountains, northern of Xinjiang from the west to east. The results show that the total litter amount in five sites are （9.00±0.47）t·hm^-2 for Zhaosu, （8.48＋0.32）t·hm^-2 for Xinyuan, （8.92±0.52）t·hm^-2 for Hutubi, （11.10±0.33）t·hm^-2 for Tianchi, and （10.74±0.30） t·hm^-2 for Qitai, respectively. There are no significant differences of the total litter amount in Zhaosu, Xinyuan and Hutubi, also between Tianchi and Qitai. There are remarkable differences in the former and latter. The wa- ter-holding capacity and water-holding rate show increasing trend, the water-absorbent rates show decreasing trend in five different sites, and the half-decomposed litter is grater than that of the non-decomposed litter. The equation between the water-holding capacity of litter and immersion time are Q = kin （t）＋p, while the equation between the water absorption rate and soaking time is Y=kt. The equation between the water-holding rate of litter and immersion time is S=kln（t） ＋p. The order of the greatest water-holding capacity of forest litters in five sites are Tianchi〉Hutubi〉Xinyuan〉Zhaosu〉Qitai, and there are significaut differences between Tianchi and the others sites. The order of the greatest water-holding rate are Hutu- bi〉Xinyuan〉Tianchi〉Zhaosu〉Qitai, and there are significaut differences between Qitai and Hutubi, and Tianchi, respec- tively. There are no remarkable differences among Qitai, Xinyuan and Zhaosu.