切割花柱法对百合杂交亲和性的影响

The Effect of Cut Style Methods on Cross Compatibility of Lilies Breeding

百合杂交以坐果率和有胚率作为判定杂交亲和性的直接依据,而高的坐果率和有胚率能有效地提高育种效率。以3个中国自然分布野生资源种类与9个栽培品种亚洲百合的杂交为供试材料,采用常规柱头授粉和切割花柱授粉的方法进行种间杂交,评价切割花柱授粉方法对百合杂交亲和性的影响。结果表明:切割花柱的授粉方法使‘Navona’×细叶百合和‘Loreto’×细叶百合的坐果率由常规授粉的0分别上升到了100%和94.44%,并收获了有胚种子,显著地提高了细叶百合和亚洲百合的杂交亲和性;卷丹×亚洲百合的杂交组合适合用常规柱头的授粉方法,切割花柱反而降低了坐果率和有胚率;8个亚洲百合×卷丹组合和9个亚洲百合×岷江百合组合都没有坐果,切割花柱的授粉方法对其亲和性没有促进作用。荧光观察发现,卷丹花粉在亚洲百合的柱头上不能萌发,岷江百合的花粉管在亚洲百合花柱中有卷曲、横向生长、末端膨大、胼胝质块等异常现象。

Rates of swelling ovary and embryo are the direct basis for judging cross compatibility in lily breeding, and both high rates can improve the breeding efficiency. Three Chinese natural distributed wild species and nine cultivated Asiatic lilies were collected as test materials by normal pollination and cut style methods. Effect of cut style method on cross compatibili- ty of wild lilies were evaluated by inter-specific crossing. Rates of swelling ovary of ‘ Navona＇ × Lilium pumilum and ‘ Loreto＇ ×L. pumilum are improved from 0 （normal pollination） to 100% and 94.44% by using cut-style method, re- spectively. Cross compatibilities between L. pumilum and Asiatic cultivars are increased significantly. Normal pollination method is useful in the combinations of Lilium lancifolium^Asiatic cultivars. Rates of swelling ovary and embryo are re- duced by using cut-style method. All eight Asiatic cultivarsxL, lancifolium and nine Asiatic cultivars^Lilium regale combi- nations have no fruits and cut-style method has no positive effects on cross compatibilities. Behavior of pollen and pollen tube growth shows L. lancifolium pollens can not germinate on the stigma of Asiatic cultivars and L. regale pollen tube shows abnormal in the style of Asiatic cuhivars including coiling, growth in vertical direction, swelling of tube-tip and cal- lose block.