北京油鸡就巢产蛋行为特性研究

Study of Broody and Egg-laying Behavior and Characteristics of Beijing You Chicken

本文主要研究了散养条件下北京油鸡整个产蛋期间（19～65周）的就巢产蛋行为发生及其特性表现。选用600只18周龄的北京油鸡蛋鸡，为便于行为观察记录随机分为6组，每组单独观察。19～65周龄期间每周末观g,ie～录各组鸡只就巢、产蛋行为发生情况，特别是37～55周龄期间每周选1d由两位专门人员进舍观g-,4：录3次（10：00～11：00、16：00～17：00、20：00～21：00），每组10分钟。结果表明：北京油鸡预产期间（19-21周），产蛋行为表现少（〈1％），此时鸡只无就巢行为发生。产蛋前期（22～28周），鸡只产蛋行为随周龄逐渐增加，尤其是29周之后产蛋行为表现频繁时（58．13％），就巢行为也开始增加并频繁发生（9．47％）；而产蛋后期（44周后）产蛋行为显著降低时（46．18％），就巢行为却并没有减少很多（8．29％）。37～55周期间油鸡就巢两次的比率占总体典型就巢行为发生的54．7％。平均就巢持续时间，就巢一次的要大于就巢两次的（20．4d〉17．8d），典型就巢行为发生率小于非典型就巢行为发生率（9．5％〈12．7％）。最后总结了北京油鸡的就巢产蛋行为特性：主要表现为具有阶段性、明显的目的性，记忆性，个体差异性，对声、光的敏感性，以及发生的不同步性。

The paper mainly studied the incidence of broody and egg-laying behavior and their characteristics in Beijing You chicken （BYC）under free-range system. 600 18-wk-old BYC layers were randomly divided into 6 groups, 100 birds each, and observed independently. The incidence of broody and egg-laying behavior was observed and recorded every weekend during 19N65 wks, especially for 37～55 wks, two professional staff were arranged one day a week to observe the birds three times （10：00～ll：00,16：00～17：00,20：00～21：00）,and 10 minutes for each group. The results showed that for the pre-laying period （19～21 wks）,the incidence of egg-laying behavior was little （〈1%）, and no incidence of broody behavior, for the pre-laying period （22～28 wks）, the egg-laying behavior increased with weeks, especially frequent after 29 wks （58.13%）, and the broody behavior began to increase and occur consistently （9.47%） ;for the late-laying period （after 44 wks）,the egg-laying rate significantly decreased （46.18%）,and the broody behavior didn＇t decrease much （8.29%）. For 37～55 wks,the percentage of two-time broody behavior was 54.7% of total characteristic broody behavior. The average broody duration for one-time broody behavior is longer than that of two-time broody behavior （20.4 d〉17.8 d）, and the characteristic type was less than the non-characteristic type （9.5%〈12.7%）. The characteristics of BYC were finally summed up：both indicating to have characteristics of stage, purposefulness,memorability,individual variation,sensitiveness to sound and light,and asynchronous occurrence.