历史剧的“戏说”与历史“诗意”的构成——汤显祖和“雪中芭蕉”的启示

Historical Plays and the Formation of Poetic Flavor - Implications of Tang Xianzu and Chinese Banana in the Snow

汤显祖《牡丹亭》被改编演出而引发的"沈汤之争",反映出争论双方美学思想的尖锐冲突。沈璟崇尚戏剧艺术的形式美学及历史剧的"真实"原则,而汤显祖则要打破形式主义束缚,以主观抒情和审美意象突破史实的局限而追求"神似"。这一争论引发我们对历史剧创作中"史实"与"诗意"之间辩证关系的思考。历史剧在坚持整体架构符合历史史实的原则下,象征意象的意蕴美与精心虚构生活细节的诗意美,是构成历史"诗意"的两大途径。在历史真实的基石上,意象的选择、"诗意"的浓淡与格调,则决定着历史剧创作不同的审美情趣与艺术风格,最终形成各种流派。在网络时代,历史成为时尚流行文化的一种元素,由此,影视剧创作中的"历史"与"诗意"的内涵又有了新的发展,二者之间的关系又呈现出新的格局。

When Tang Xianzu’s Peony Pavilion was adapted and put on a show,it incurred dispute between Tang Xianzu and Shen Jing,indicating their fierce conflicts of aesthetic ideology. While Shen advocated drama’s formal aesthetics and historical play’s truth principle,Tang endeavored to break through the fettering of forms,seeking spiritual similarity by means of surmounting historical facts via subjective expressions of emotions and aesthetical images. The dispute starts us into thinking of the dialectical relations between historical facts and poetic flavor. On the basis of sticking to the principle of overall structure’s agreeing with historical facts,the meaning beauty of images and the poetic beauty of life details constitute the two roads of historical poetic flavor of historical plays. On the footing stone of historical facts,the selection of images and the shade and style of poetic flavor determine the aesthetical taste and artistic style of the production of historical plays,leading to the formation of various schools. In the age of the internet,history has become an element of fashion culture. As a result,the connotation of history and poetic flavor of the production of film and TV dramas has been enriched,showing a new pattern between them.