诗人的政治位置——以品达第八首皮托凯歌第60-80行为例

The Political Position of Poets in the Polis: An Interpretation of Pindar's Eighth Pythian

品达是古希腊最伟大的抒情诗人,他写下的凯歌是希腊合唱诗歌的巅峰,其诗洵美,对传统政制伦常的传达亦润物无声。凯歌中时常出现的第一人称"我",或可视为切入其诗歌内涵的入口。拙文以第八首皮托凯歌第60-80行为例,尝试分析品达就诗人在城邦中的政治位置所传达出的古典意蕴。这一部分诗行以三个层次的"我"和"你"再现了诗人在城邦中的政治位置,笔法极为高妙。对太阳神的吁求、城邦中诗歌应该具有的"和谐"品性、城邦中贵族父子应该接受的诗歌教诲,由神、诗歌而及人,建立起一个有序的政治结构,而形成这个政治结构的核心,便是诗人和他因循神意正义而创造出的凯歌。

As the greatest lyric poet in ancient Greece, Pindar achieved the peak of the Greek traditional choral poems through his beauteous odes and his teaching about aristocratic moral teaching. This paper takes the use of the first person, a conventional technique in his odes, as the starting point to approach the odes. The paper tries to analyze the poet＇ s political position in the polis （city） through a detailed reading of Lines 60 - 80 of Pindar＇ s ＂Eighth Pythian Ode. ＂ In this section, the first person and the second person are employed in the pray to Apollo, the claim for the harmonious character of the poetry in a polis, and the appeal for poetic teaching to the aristocrats. The paper argues that the use of different persons in the poem constitutes a measured political order, while the poet and his odes composed under gods＇ justice take the centre of this order .