经济危机对欧洲政党及政党结构的影响

Impacts of the Financial Crisis upon the Political Parties in the European Countries

本文以欧洲11个国家不同类型的政党在2009年欧洲议会选举和国际金融危机以来各国国内选举中的表现为例,分析了危机对欧洲不同政党及政党结构的影响。各类政党的选举表现显示,欧洲的主流政党受到危机的冲击更大,而来自左右翼两端的更为激进的中小政党、尤其是右翼民粹主义政党表现得更为活跃,一些国家的传统政党结构由此受到冲击。各类政党之间围绕应对危机的政策分歧也暴露出一些可能影响欧洲未来政党政治发展的长期性问题。

This article reviews the performances of the political parties in 11 European countries in the 2009 European Parliament election and in their national elections.Based on this,it moves on to analyze how the financial crisis has affected these parties and the party structure in the European countries.It shows that the strength of the traditional mainstream parties,with limited choice on both domestic and European issues,have been significantly weakened by the crisis.The small parties holding more radical views,and especially the right-wing populist parties,however,have gained strength,which consists of a big challenge to the traditional party structure in some countries.In addition,the disputes among the parties over solutions to the crisis have also revealed some of the problems that may influence the future development of the European party politics.