高校实质影响力及其形成——以法国顶尖高等专科学院为例

Substantial Influence of Colleges and Universities and Its Formation: The Case Study of the Top Grandes coles in France

主要世界大学排名体系和法国高等专科学院以及国家军团之间的不相符表明,目前的大学排名体系反映的多是高校"名义"而非"实质"影响力。高校实质影响力指对国际事务及国家和社会生活的影响力,通过杰出毕业生的职业和职务得到体现,其形成要素包括塑造个人影响力的教育体系和将个人影响力转化为集体影响力的校友网络,名义影响力和实质影响力相辅相成。为实现中国高校的可持续发展并进一步参与国际竞争,中国政府和高校需共同努力构建名义和实质影响力适当匹配的高校影响力体系。

Based on the review of world university rankings and the current situations of ＂Grandes coles＂ and ＂Grands Corps＂ in France,the paper indicates that major world university rankings have reflected the nominal influence but not the substantial influence of colleges and universities.The substantial influence of colleges and universities is the control of international affairs as well as national and social life and it is usually reflected by the jobs and positions of alumnus,especially the outstanding ones.Furthermore,the paper points out the key elements of the formation of substantial influence are education system which shapes the individual influence and alumni network which transforms the individual influence into the group influence.Nominal influence and substantial influence of colleges and universities are complementary to each other but Chinese universities usually emphasize more on the former and ignore the latter.To achieve the goal of sustainable development and being involved in the international competition,it is necessary for the Chinese government and universities to construct a new influence system which could match the nominal influence with the sustainable influence appropriately.