第13届国会选举前夕的马来西亚:选举型威权的终结?

The 13th General Election and the Future of the Electoral Authoritarianism in Malaysia

无论第13届国会选举结果如何,马来西亚50多年来的选举型威权体制正在走向松动:巫统已经不像以往那样能完全操控选举结果,一党独大的局面已有所改观,两大政治阵营的竞争体制(即"两线制")正在成为马来西亚政治生态的基本格局。为赢得国会选举、挽救巫统主导的国民阵线的执政地位,纳吉布首相实施了一系列亲民政策,但这些政策能否消解长期以来人民对巫统威权体制的积怨尚不得而知。在反对派人民联盟一方,他们其实也没有显示出成熟的替代执政能力,他们最大的政治资本是人民对巫统威权的厌倦。

Whatever the outcome of the coming 13th General Election, the electoral authoritarianism in Malaysia since 1957 is loosening up. Over the recent years, this country has been seeing UMNO is losing its absolute control on election results, the one-party rule is weakening, and the two-coalition system is becoming the basic pattern of Malaysian politics. As the top leader of UMNO and the Prime Minister, Mr. Najib Razak has implemented a series of populist policies trying to win the 13th general election and save the UMNO-led Barisan Nasional government, but it is still unclear whether these policies can remove the long-term public resentment against the UMNO authoritarian regime. On the other hand, Pakatan Rakyat hasn＇t shown that it is well-equipped to lead Malaysia even if the public＇s antipathy against the UMNO＇s authoritarian rule is growing.