术后恶心呕吐研究进展

Progress on post-operative nausea and vomiting

背景术后恶心呕吐（post-operativenauseaandvomiting，PONV）是手术麻醉后的一种常见并发症，发生率较高，严重影响患者术后恢复及满意度。PONV的具体发生机制仍在研究。目的旨在总结PONV研究进展，尤其是PONV评分方面。内容现已知与PONV相关的递质主要包括5掘色胺、多巴胺、组胺、乙酰胆碱、P物质等。现有的PONV危险因素评分系统具有一定的预测能力，但是仍然存在其局限性。趋向麻醉医师应当足够重视PONV，积极进行预防性用药，以获得更好的满意度。

Background Post-operative nausea and vomiting （PONV） continues to be a common complication after surgery and anaesthesia with higher incidence. PONV increased recovery room time, expanded nursing care, seriously affected the patients postoperative recovery and satisfaction. Mechanisms of PONV are still not clear now. Objective We try to summarize current opinions upon PONV. Content There are some transmitters we＇ve known about PONV： 5-HT3, dopamine, histamine, acetylcholine, substance P, etc. Risk scores to predict the occurrence of PONV are used increasingly to guide prophylactic antiemetic administration, but they still have some limitations. Trend Anesthetists should pay enough attention to PONV in order to achieve a PONV-free hospital.