云南省少数民族中小学生焦虑状况及其影响因素分析

Trends and risk factors of anxiety among minority students in Yunnan Province

目的了解云南省少数民族青少年焦虑的年代变化及影响因素,为制定边疆民族地区学校健康促进规划提供依据。方法采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)及自制社会影响因素调查表,对云南省佤、傣、哈尼、傈僳、纳西、汉族6个民族8 203名10～18岁中小学生进行测评,并与2005年同质资料比较。结果 2010年云南学生SAS得分(39.27±7.84)明显低于2005年(48.04±9.60),但重中度焦虑的个体增加2.5%(P<0.01)。2010年云南青少年中重度焦虑(SAS≥60)具有显著民族差异:佤族(25.25%)>傈僳族(21.44%)>傣族(13.49%)>哈尼族(12.10%)>纳西族(5.58%)>汉族(5.34%)(P<0.01),除傈僳族较2005年上升8.88%外,余均呈下降趋势。自杀意念、生活压力、不满社会、父低文化、单亲和贫困是中重度焦虑的危险因素,OR值分别为3.9,3.5,2.1,1.8,1.8,1.6,1.2(P<0.01)。结论云南学生焦虑平均水平较2005年有明显改善,但中重度焦虑群体明显上升,少数民族青少年精神健康问题严重。

Objective This study aims to explore trends and risk factors of anxiety among students of six minority national- ities in Yunnan during 2005-2010, and provide evidence for health promotion strategies for frontier nationalities area students. Methods By using Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, a total of 8 203 adolescents （aged 10-18） of six nationalities inclu- ding Wa, Dai, Hani, Lisu, Naxi and Han were investigated. Data were compared with data collected in 2005. Results The aver- age score of SAS in 2010 （ 39.27±7.84 } was significantly lower than that in 2005 （ 48.04±9.60 }, although there was 2.5% in- crease in moderate-to-severe anxiety. There were significant differences in moderate-to-severe anxiety proportion among different na- tionalities, with Wa being the highest （ 25. 25% ） , followed by Lisu （ 21.44% ） , Dai （ 13.49% ） , Hani （ 12. 1% ）, Naxi （ 5.58% ） and Han （5.34%） （ P〈0.01 ）. Risk factors of moderate-to-severe anxiety include suicide ideation, life stress, dissatis- faction of society, paternal low education level, divorced family and poverty, with odd ratio being 3.9, 3.5, 2.1, 1.8, 1.8, 1.6, 1.2, respectively. Conclusion Although there is significant improvement in anxiety among in Yunnan adolescents, it still needs attention for minority students with moderate-to-severe anxiety.