北京地区中小学生血压与油盐摄入量的关系

Associations between dietary oil and sodium intake with blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Beijing

目的探讨中小学生血压与油盐摄入量的关系,为改善儿童青少年健康水平提供依据。方法方便选取北京市城区、郊区各4所学校愿意配合的三～五年级小学生、七～八年级初中生共890名,应用"家庭1周油盐摄入估算法"调查中小学生油盐摄入量,并测量身高、体重、血压等体格指标。结果筛查性高血压检出率为19.0%,其中中学生高于小学生(χ2=42.656,P<0.01),郊区学生高于城区学生(χ2=0.185,P<0.01)。随着食用油摄入水平的递增,学生高血压的检出率上升(χ2=31.853,P<0.01);不同钠盐摄入水平学生高血压检出率不同,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.965,P<0.01)。控制性别、年龄和体质量指数的影响后,学生钠盐摄入量与筛查性高血压相关,回归系数=0.030(χ2=4.179,P<0.05),食用油摄入量与血压的相关无统计学意义。结论中小学生血压水平与钠盐摄入量有关。应降低钠盐摄入水平,预防高血压等心脑血管疾病的发生。

Objective To investigate the associations between dietary oil, sodium intake and blood pressure in primary and middle school students. Methods The ＂One week oil and sodium intake estimation method＂ was used to investigate the dieta- ry oil and sodium intake of 890 students who were chosen from grade 3-5 in 4 primary schools and grade 7-8 in 4 middle schools in urban and suburban areas of Beijing. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured. The associations between dietary oil, sodium intake and blood pressure were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 19.0% in all the students, with girls higher than boys （X2 =0. 185 ,P〉0.05 ） , suburban students higher than urban students （X2= 0. 185 ,P〈0.01）. With the increasing intake of dietary oil, the hypertension detection rate increased signifi- cantly {X2 =31. 853 ,P〈0.01）. There were significant differences in hypertension detection rate among different intake of dietary sodium （A2 =42. 965 ,P〈0.01 ）. After controlling gender, age and body mass index, sodium intake was still risk factor for hyper- tension, while dietary oil intake was no more risk factor for hypertension. Conclusion The dietary sodium intake is associated with the high blood pressure among primary and middle school students. Cardiovascular diseases prevention in children and adolescents should be focused on dietary risk factors.