摘要
目的观察和比较单纯肠内营养(EN)、单纯肠外营养(PN)、肠内肠外联合营养(EN+PN)3种营养支持方式对高龄顽固性心力衰竭患者近期结局的影响及其安全性。方法选取2004年1月至2012年9月在北京军区总医院263临床部住院的247例高龄顽固性心力衰竭患者,采用随机数字表法分为EN+PN组(n=87)、EN组(n=76)、PN组(n=84)。随机分组后根据患者耐受情况,EN组2例转入EN+PN组,PN组3例转入EN+PN组。于营养支持前和营养支持7d后检测血清学指标和心脏超声血液动力学指标,根据全身症状计算营养支持后好转率,记录不良事件发生情况进行安全性评价。结果研究过程中共8例患者退出,其中EN组4例,PN组1例,EN+PN组3例。与营养支持前比较,各组营养支持7d后血清前白蛋白[EN组,(0.17±0.01)g/L比(0.11±0.02)g/L;PN组,(0.19±0.01)g/L比(0.09±0.02)g/L;EN+PN组,(0.24±0.04)g/L比(0.10±0.02)g/L]、白蛋白[EN组,(34.14±1.00)g/L比(31.25±1.02)g/L;PN组,(33.89±1.20)g/L比(30.99±1.07)g/L;EN+PN组,(36.66±1.36)g/L比(31.00±1.01)∥L]、转铁蛋白[EN组,(1.99±0.39)g/L比(1.86±0.36)∥L;PN组,(2.Ol±0.41)g/L比(1.89±0.34)g/L;EN+PN组,(2.58±0.47)g/L比(1.92±0.33)g/L]均显著升高(P均=0.008);EN+PN组的前白蛋白(P=0.007、0.008)、白蛋白(P=0.041、0.040)、转铁蛋白(P=0.007、0.008)均显著高于EN组和PN组。PN组营养支持后血糖显著升高[(8.06±2.35)mmol/L比(5.81±2.21)mmol/L,P=0.009],其余两组营养支持前后差异无统计学意义。与营养支持前比较,3组营养支持7d后每搏输出量(sV)[EN组,(60.91±7.26)ml比(45.09±6.42)ml;PN组,(61.01±7.29)ml比(45.19±6.39)ml;EN+PN组,(65.42±7.43)ml比(46.11±6.410.09O.092.19ml;P均:0.008]、左心室射血分数(LVEF)[EN组,(45.78±0.09)%比(34.61±%;PN组,(45.11±0.11)%比(34.55±0.08)%;EN+PN组,(49.79±0.11)%比(34.42±%;P均=0.008]、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEdd)[EN组,(60.22±2.42)mm比(63.20±2.19)mm,P=0.008;PN组,(60.28±2.44)mm比(62.98±2.11)mm,P=0.044;EN+PN组,(57.43±2.40)mm比(63.09±2.08)mm,P:0.008]、左心室收缩末期内径(LVEsd)[EN组,(54.08±6.06)mnl比(56.15±6.03)mm,P=0.044;PN组,(54.42±6.10)mm比(56.31±6.11)mm,P=0.044;EN+PN组,(51.48±5.27)mm比(56.32±6.13)mm,P=0.008]均明显改善;EN+PN组的sV(P=0.003、0.004)和LVEF(P均=0.004)均显著大于EN组和PN组,LVEdd(P=0.004、0.005)和LVEsd(P=0.004、0.005)均显著小于EN组和PN组。EN组、PN组、EN+PN组的好转率分别为75.71%(53/70)、75.00%(60/80)、83.15%(74/89),异常状况评分与营养支持前比较均显著改善(P均=0.000);EN+PN组的好转率显著高于EN组和PN组(P均=0.005),PN组与EN组的好转率差异无统计学意义(P=0.059)。PN组的恶化率为15.00%。明显高于EN组(12.85%,P=0.048)和EN+PN组(6.74%,P=0.045)。营养支持期间EN+PN组不良事件发生率显著低于EN组[22.47%(20/89)比37.14%(26/70),P=0.005],与PN组比较差异无统计学意义[35.00%(28/80),P=0.057]。结论对于高龄顽固性心力衰竭患者,EN+PN可提高血清前白蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平,缓解临床症状,改善血液动力学,且不良事件发生率较低,是优于单纯EN或PN的营养支持方式。
[ Abstract ] Objective To explore and compare the efficacy and safety of enteral nutrition ( EN), paren- teral nutrition ( PN), and EN + PN nutrition support on short-term outcomes of elderly patients with refractory heart failure. Methods From January 2004 to September 2012, 247 elderly patients with refractory heart fail- ure were admitted in NO. 263 Clinical Department of Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA. The patients were allocated into 3 groups with random number table : the EN + PN group ( n = 87 ), the EN group ( n = 76 ), and the PN group (n = 84). According to the toleration of patients to nutrition supports, 5 cases were trans- ferred to the EN + PN group, including 2 from the EN group and 3 from the PN group. The safety was assessed based on the improvement of systemic symptoms, the occurrence of adverse events, and the efficacy assessed based on serological and echoeardiographic hemodynamic indexes detected before the nutrition therapy and after 7-day's nutrition support. Results Eight patients withdrew from the study, including 4 from the EN group, 1 from the PN group, and 3 from the EN + PN group. Compared with the levels before nutrition, serum prealbu- min (PA) [EN group, (0.17~0.01) g/Lvs. (0.11 ~0.02) g/L; PN group, (0.19~0.01) g/Lvs. (0.09~ 0.02) g/L; EN+PN group, (0.24+0.04) g/Lvs. (0.10~0.02) g/L], albumin (ALB) [EN group, (34.14~1.00) g/Lvs. (31.25~1.02) g/L; PN group, (33.89~1.20) g/Lvs. (30.99+1.07) g/L; EN+PN group, (36.66+1.36) g/Lvs. (31.00~1.01)g/L], transferrin (TF) [EN group, (1.99 ~ 0. 39) g/L vs. (1.86 ~0. 36) g/L; PN group, (2. O1 ~0. 41) g/L vs. (1.89 ~0. 34) g/L; EN + PN group, (2. 58 +0.47) g/L vs. ( 1.92 ~0. 33) g/L] of all the 3 groups were significantly increased after nutrition (all P = 0. 008) ; and compared with the EN and the PN groups, PA ( P = 0. 007 and 0. 008), ALB ( P = 0. 041 and 0. 040) , and TF ( P = 0. 007 and 0. 008 ) in the EN + PN group were significantly higher. Only in the PN group, blood glucose significantly increased after nutrition support [ (8.06 ~ 2.35) mmol/L vs. (5.81 ~ 2.21) mmol/L, P=0.009]. In all the 3 groups, stroke volume (SV) [EN group, (60.91 ~7.26) ml vs. (45.09~6.42) ml; PN group, (61.01 ~7.29) ml vs. (45. 19 ~6.39) ml; EN +PN group, (65.42 ~ 7.43) ml vs. (46. 11 ~6.41) ml; all P =0.008], left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [EN group, (45. 78 ~0.09)% vs. (34.61 ~0.09)% ; PN group, (45. 11 ~O. 11 )% vs. (34. 55 ~0.08)% ; EN + PN group, (49. 79 ~ 0. 11 ) % vs. ( 34. 42 ~ 0. 09% ; all P = 0. 008 ], left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEdd) [EN group, (60.22~2.42) ram vs. (63.20~2.19) mm, P=0.008; PN group, (60.28+ 2.44) mmvs. (62.98 ~2.11) mm, P=0.044L; EN +PN group, (57.43 ~2.40) mm vs~. (63.09 ~ 2.08 ) mm, P = 0. 008 ], left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEsd) [ EN group, ( 54. 08 ~ 6. 06) mm vs. (56.15~6.03) mm, P=0.044; PNgroup, (54.42~6.10) mmvs. (56.31 ~6.11) mm, P=0.044; EN + PN group, (51.48 ~ 5.27 ) mm vs. ( 56. 32 + 6. 13 ) mm, P = 0. 008 ] were significantly improved after nutrition support; compared with the EN group and the PN group, SV (P = 0. 003 and 0. 004) and LVEF ( both P = 0. 004 ) in the EN + PN group were significantly higher, while LVEdd ( P = 0. 004 and 0. 005 ) and LVEsd ( P = 0. 004 and 0. 005 ) were significantly lower. After 7-day's nutrition support, the improvement rate in EN group, PN group, and EN +PN group was 75.71% (53/70), 75.00% (60/80), and 83. 15% (74/ 89), respectively. The abnormal sign scores in the 3 groups were all statistically reduced after nutrition (all P = 0. 000). The improvement rate in EN + PN group was higher than those in EN group and PN group ( both P = 0. 005), but no difference between EN group and PN group ( P = 0. 059 ). The degradation rate was 15.00% in the PN group, significantly higher than those in EN group ( 12. 85% , P = 0. 048 ) and EN + PN group (6.74%, P =0. 045). During the nutrition support, the incidence of adverse events in EN + PN group was significant lower than in EN group [22. 47% (20/89) vs. 37. 14% (26/70), P =0. 0053, hut not signif- icantly different compared with PN group [ 35. 00% (28/80), P = 0. 057 ]. Conclusions EN + PN could el- evate PA, ALB, and TF levels, alleviate clinical symptoms, and improve hemodynamies in elderly refractory heart failure patients. In addition, it has lower incidence of adverse effects than EN and PN applied alone, thus more safe and effective for these patients.
出处
《中华临床营养杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2013年第2期65-71,共7页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition
关键词
肠内肠外联合营养
肠内营养
肠外营养
心力衰竭
高龄
Enteral nutrition combined with parenteral nutrition
Enteral nutrition
Parenteral nutri- tion
Heart failure
Elderly