反思大跃进中的“教育革命”

Introspection of The Education Revolution in the Great Leap Forward

1958—1960年间的教育大跃进——"教育革命",是中国现代教育史上的重大事件。教育大跃进主要体现在办学方式、教学方式、教材编写和学制改革等方面,并与高等学校"拔白旗、插红旗",学术问题政治化、阶级斗争化等密切配合。它不仅是一场失败的教育改革,也是一场严重的教育灾难,是"文化大革命"中"教育大革命"的预演和先声。它切断了中国教育与自身文化传统的血脉联系,又排除了可资借鉴的外来先进文化,使中国教育现代化的进程出现中断。它的客观效果与主观意图背道而驰,加剧了城乡之间业已存在的教育不平等。它肆意贬低知识的价值,"开创"了中国现代历史上史无前例的轻视知识和知识分子之先河。分析大跃进中"教育革命"所存在的严重问题,不是为了否定历史,也不是要责难事件的当事人,而是为了让今天和未来的中国人记住历史,以史为鉴,以免重蹈覆辙。

The Education Revolution in the Great Leap Forward between 1958 and 1960 was an impor- tant event in Chinese modern educational history. The educational great leap forward was mainly reflected in schooling modes, teaching methods, textbook compilation and the reform in the school systems and so on, and it acted in close coordination with such actions in higher institutions as ＂Pulling out white flags, sticking in red flags＂ and the politicalization of academic issues. It was not only an unsuccessful educational reform, but also a serious educational disaster, and the preview of education revolution in the Cultural Revolution. It cut off the blood ties between Chinese education and its cultural traditions and rejected ad- vanced foreign culture that could be referenced, which interrupted or even reversed the progress of the modernization of Chinese education. Its objective corsequences contradicted with subjective intentions, en- larging the educational inequality that had already existed between urban and rural areas. It recklessly di- minished the value of knowledge and ＂pioneered＂ the trend of despising knowledge and intellectuals in Chi- na＇s modern history. The analysis of serious problems of The Education Revolution in the Great Leap For- ward is not to deny history or censuring parties, but to help today＇s and tomorrow＇s Chinese people to re- member that piece of history to avoid repeating the mistake.