流域最佳管理措施空间配置优化研究进展

Review of spatial optimization algorithms in BMPs placement at watershed scale

最佳管理措施(BMPs)是保护流域水环境免受农业生产活动导致的污染的一系列措施。在进行流域尺度BMPs空间配置时,一方面要考虑BMPs的生态环境效益,另一方面要考虑农业经济效益,因此流域管理决策者需要对这些措施进行空间配置优化。最佳管理措施空间配置优化(简称BMPs空间优化)是基于专家经验或者利用优化算法而得出的方案,并通过流域模型和经济模型评价其环境和经济效益,最后选择效益最优的方案,这也是当前农业非点源污染和水环境保护研究的前沿和热点。本文在介绍BMPs及其评价模型的基础上,对当前BMPs空间优化研究中的两种方法进行了剖析,对当前国内外BMPs空间优化研究现状进行了回顾和总结,最后,指出了BMPs空间优化研究中现存的问题,指出了今后BMPs空间优化研究的方向。

Best Management Practices （BMPs） are practical, cost-effective for reducing nutrients, pesticides, animal waste, and other pollutant loadings from their source area to receiving water bodies. It is essential to combine environmental benefits and economic cost in the design of BMPs placement within a watershed, and the optimization of BMPs placement has become one of the forefront and hot spot of current agricultural environment studies. The optimal BMP selection is, therefore, to utilize watershed modeling techniques and optimization al- gorithms for obtaining a cost-effective BMP placement within a watershed. This paper provides a systematic re- view on the current BMPs optimization studies. Firstly, we briefly introduce the BMPs and hydrologic models for BMPs assessment. Next, the current methods of BMPs optimization both in China and abroad are summarized. Finally, the key problems and future perspectives in the field of BMPs optimization, including BMPs interactions in space, computational bottlenecks, and uncertainties, are discussed.