西北地区农业技术扩散环境的空间分异——以陕、甘、宁县域为例

Spatial differences of agri-technique diffusion environment in Northwestern China: A case study of counties in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region

农业技术扩散环境量化与评价可为农业技术的时空扩散提供有益的参考。本文以陕甘宁3省(区)169个县(区)为研究对象,选取衡量农业技术扩散环境的12个指标,运用主成分分析法计算县域分值并分析其差异,同时运用GeoDa软件提供的Moran's I指数和LISA地图等方法描述其空间特征。分析结果表明:①影响三省(区)县域农业技术扩散环境的主因子为农业产出效率及文化环境、农业资源禀赋条件和农业投入水平;②三省(区)县域农业技术扩散环境水平存在显著差异,地理空间上存在集聚性;③"热点"县域集中分布在关中地区、河西走廊和宁夏北部引黄灌溉区,"冷点"县域分布在甘肃中南部地区;④西北地区农业技术扩散环境空间分异主要是由于自然条件与社会经济文化的空间差异所致。

The agricultural technology diffusion is a complex system which is composed of technology centers, tech- nology receivers and diffusion environment. The diffusion environment is a multidimensional synthesis, and as a external influence factor of the agricultural technology diffusion, it plays an important role in the diffusion. The development level and the spatial pattern effect the direction, speed and the mode of the diffusion. Therefore, the special analysis of the agricultural technology diffusion environment for the specific regions is meaningful to the understanding of these regions＇ agri-technique diffusion. The quantification and evaluation of the agri-technique diffusion environment can provide many beneficial references to the diffusion. This paper take the 169 counties in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region as the research objects, choose the 12 main indices, and use the principal component analysis to description the gap among the 169 counties. Then uses the spatial analysis provided by GeoDa to reveal the spatial characteristics. The result shows that there are three main factors affect the agri-technique diffusion environment, includes the agriculture output efficiency and cultural atmosphere, agricultural resources conditions, agricultural input level; the agri-technique diffusion environment in 169 counties has significant differences and geographical spatial agglomeration; ＂hot-spots＂ counties concentrate on Guanzhong region, Hexi corridor and the irrigated area by Yellow River in north Ningxia province, the most ＂cold-spots＂ counties are located in middle and north part of Gansu province; the space differentiations of the environment of agri-technique diffusion of Northwest China are mainly caused by the spatial differences of the natural conditions and the social economy and culture. The results of the study tell us that we must do something to optimize the agri-technique diffusion environment： using the space connection to achieve col- laborative optimization; paying more attention to the ecological environment construction and developing sustainable agriculture; promoting rural social culture construction and optimizing the social environment of the diffusion.