孔子战争观的伦理色彩

Ethical Hue of Confucius's Views on War

孔子追求"德治",他将传说中的尧舜时代描述成"天下为公"的"大同"时代,并以此作为德治的理想境界。孔子深知最违背德治的事莫过于发动战争。因此,孔子反对一切战争。然而,孔子所处的是一个大动荡的历史时期,在这样一个"礼崩乐坏"的时期,列国兼并、弑君杀父、兄弟相残的现象十分普遍,与孔子的理想政治相去甚远。面对残酷的社会现实,孔子以强烈的人道主义、现实主义精神,对战争问题进行了深入的理性思考,形成了他的战争观。孔子的战争观以伦理思想为本,具有鲜明的伦理色彩。

Confucius was in pursuit of ＂rule through virtue＂, who described the legendary times of Yao and Shun as an age of ＂Great Harmony＂ with ＂equal justice for all＂ and regarded it as an ideal realm of rule by moral. Confucius realized profoundly that there was nothing worse in violating moral ruling than waging a war. Therefore, he opposed all warfare. Nevertheless, Confucius lived in a period of great upheaval when the rites had collapsed, the various states were merged, and regicide and fratricide were quite common, such posing a complete antithesis to Confucius＇s ideal government. Faced with the cruel social reality, Confucius gave a deep rational thought to warfare from the perspective of humanitarianism and realism, and formulated his views of war. Basing his viewpoints of war on ethical thought, Confucius＇s views on war carried a rather distinct ethical hue.