科尔沁平原丘陵草甸草原蝗虫群落集团结构

Guild structure of grasshopper communities in hilly meadow steppe of Horqin plain, North China

近年来,科尔沁平原丘陵草甸草原大面积、高密度发生蝗虫灾害,威胁着牧业生产的正常发展。本文应用生态学中的集团理论,设置蝗虫的取食行为和栖息地选择两项生态指标的多个梯度,对该区草原蝗虫的群落结构及种间关系进行了分析。结果表明:通过聚类分析蝗虫群落可以划分成6个集团,各集团之间在栖息环境及适应性上存在明显差异,说明多样的生境为蝗虫提供了多样的生存空间,在光照、地形等环境因子及蝗虫自身生物学特性的影响下,蝗虫为使生存适合度达到最大,在对适宜生境的选择中,形成了不同的资源利用集团;蝗虫的生态指标梯度按主成分分析可简化为3个主成分因子,累积贡献率达82.91%,代表的生物学信息为蝗虫对地面基层、取食高度、地形以及阴影的选择;不同的蝗虫种类因对生境资源的利用程度不同,表现出不同的生态位宽度,对生境资源利用的相似程度决定了蝗虫种间生态位重叠值的高低。

In recent years, grasshopper pest occurred meadow steppe of Horqin plain, causing severe damage the theories of guild structure in ecology, multi-gradients itat selection were installed as the ecological indicators, tion and interspecific relationships in the hilly meadow Through in large area and high density in hilly to the local animal husbandry. Based on of grasshoppers feeding pattern and hab- and the grasshopper community composi- steppe of Horqin plain were analyzed cluster analysis, the grasshoppers in the steppe could be classified into six guilds, and there existed obvious differences in the habitat selection and biocompatibility among the guilds, indicating that diverse habitats provided a variety of living spaces for the grasshoppers. The envi- ronmental factors such as illumination and terrain and the biological characteristics of grasshopper played important roles in the distribution of the grasshoppers. To nmximize the biological fitness, the grasshoppers in the steppe formed different resources utilization guilds. Three principal com- ponents were extracted from the ecological traits of the grasshoppers, and their cumulated contri- bution rate reached 82.91%. The representative biological information included the selection of ground substrate, feeding height, terrain, and sunlight regime. Due to the different degrees of habitat resources utilization, different grasshopper species presented diverse ecological niche breadths, and the similarity of habitat resources utilization decided the niche overlaps among the species.