湖北石首麋鹿发情期群主行为

Behaviors of Pére David’s deer harem master during its rutting period in Shishou County of Hubei Province, China

发情期麋鹿群主行为在种群繁衍过程中起着重要的作用。为探讨发情期自然野化麋鹿群主与散放麋鹿群主的行为差异,2012年6月1日—7月31日,对比研究了湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区外的自然野化麋鹿群主与保护区围栏内的散放麋鹿群主的采食、休息、运动和繁殖行为,其中繁殖行为包括追雌、驱雄、吼叫、挑草、挑泥和爬跨行为。结果表明:保护区外的自然野化麋鹿群主各行为频次普遍高于保护区围栏内的散放麋鹿群主;自然野化麋鹿群主与散放麋鹿群主在休息行为、运动行为、吼叫行为、追雌行为、驱雄行为、爬跨行为上的频次差异显著(P<0.05),其他行为的频次差异不显著(P>0.05);休息行为、运动行为、吼叫行为的时间-频率分布差异不显著(P>0.05)。自然野化麋鹿群主与散放麋鹿群主在不同生境下的各行为频次差异不一,表明麋鹿群主在不同生境类型中有不同的行为表达;同时人为干扰和长江汛期也在一定程度上影响到自然野化麋鹿群主的行为表达。保护区内外麋鹿群主通过行为调节来适应不同生境的策略,对扩大湖北石首麋鹿种群规模具有重要的现实意义。

The behaviors displayed by the Pere David＇ s deer （Elaphurus davidianus） harem master during its rutting period play an important role in the population reproduction. In order to approach the differences in the behaviors of E. davidianus harem masters between free-ranging deer and wild deer during their rutting period, a comparative study was made on the feeding, resting, and locomotive and reproductive behaviors of the harem masters in the Shishou Milu Na- tional Nature Reserve of Hubei, China from June 1 st to July 31st, 2012. The reproductive behav- iors included chasing after hinds, driving stags, roaring, antler-adorning, antler-swaging mud, anogenital sniffing, and mounting. Wild harem masters displayed the most behaviors with higher frequencies than free-ranging harem masters. There existed significant differences in the frequen- cies of resting, locomotion, chasing after hinds, driving stags, roaring, and mounting between the wild and free-ranging harem masters （P〈0.05）, but no significant differences in the antler- adorning, antler-swaging mud, and anogenital sniffing （P〉0.05）. The time-frequency distribu- tion of resting, locomotion, and roaring also showed no significant differences between the wild and free-ranging harem masters （P〉0.05）. Different habitats affected the behavioral expression of the harem masters, and the behavioral frequencies of both the wild and the free-ranging harem masters were different among various habitats. In addition, human disturbances and Yangtze Riv- er flood season also had definite effects on the behavioral expression of wild harem masters. To ensure the Pere David＇ s deer population in the Shishou County of Hubei Province being able toexpand~ it would be important to make the harem masters within and outside the Reserve can ad- just their behaviors to adapt to different habitats.