鲁道夫·施泰纳的儿童发展观及其对我国幼儿教育的启示

The Enlightenment of Early Childhood Education of Rudolf Steiner’s View on Children Development

鲁道夫·施泰纳认为幼儿有三个成长期；幼儿会全身心感受环境，环境对幼儿的成长具有重要影响作用；教育应根据幼儿的不同气质加以适当调整。施泰纳的儿童发展观体现在华德福幼儿教育实践的各个环节中，包括环境创设、教师指导、活动组织、教育评价等。施泰纳的儿童发展观对我国幼儿教育具有一定的启示意义。例如，教师要创设适宜幼儿发展的环境，引导幼儿在日常生活中积累经验，针对幼儿的气质类型开展有针对性的教育，重视教师的示范作用．重视游戏对幼儿发展的意义，等等。

Rudolf Steiner believes that the early childhood can be divided into three growing stages. Environment plays an important role in children＇s growth, Education should make an appropriate adjustment according to children＇s different personality and temperament. Steiner＇s view on children development is shown in all aspects of Waldorf education including environment creating, teachers＇ role, activity organization and education evaluation, which has a certain significance and reference value on the early childhood education in our country. Some suggestions are put forward： teachers should create an environment suitable for young children, encourage children to learn from daily life, carry out education according to children＇s personality and temperament, pay attention to the model role a teacher plays and the significance of game playing for children＇s development.