2005～2010年北京地区冬季气温与小麦品种抗寒性分析

Analysis on Air Temperature of Winter Season in Beijing from 2005 to 2010 and Cold Tolerance of Wheat Varieties

本研究目的是分析北京地区冬季气温对小麦抗寒性的影响,建议小麦育种专家重视和加强小麦抗寒性的研究。利用对比的方法,结合2005～2010年北京地区冬季的气象情况,以该阶段北京市冬小麦区域试验的抗寒性报告为依据,分析了冬季气温对小麦品种抗寒性的影响。结果表明:2005～2010年,有2 a为抗寒性剧烈分化年、2 a为适度分化年、1 a为分化不显著年。由于气候变化的不确定性和冷暖交替突变,导致近年冬小麦冻害发生率回升。因此,冬小麦冻害防御仍不容忽视。

The objective of this study was to analysis the effects of the air temperature of winter season on cold tolerance of wheat from 2005 to 2010 in Beijing, and suggest that wheat breeders should pay more attention to the study of cold tolerance. Based on the report of cold tolerance of wheat varieties in Beijing yield potential trials in combination of climates during the five years, the effects of air temperature of winter season on cold tolerance of wheat were analyzed using the contrast method. The results indicated that there were two years of dramatic differentiation years of cold tolerance, two years of moderate differentiation years and one year of indistinctive dif- ferentiation year from 2005 to 2010. Due to the uncertainty of climate changes and cold and hot weather alternation, cold injury to winter wheat was increasing in recent years. Therefore, the defense of cold injury to winter wheat could not be neglected.