刻芽对不同品种梨树萌芽率与成枝力的影响

Effects of Carving on the Germination Rate and Branching Ability of Different Pear Cultivars

以黄冠、黄金、京白、南果、蜜梨、绿宝石、雪青和红香酥梨树品种为试材,研究了刻芽处理对不同品种梨幼树1 a生枝条萌芽率、成枝力和新梢生长的影响。结果表明:刻芽处理可以提高8个品种的萌芽率,其中,京白、南果、蜜梨、绿宝石和黄冠与其未刻芽处理差异达到了显著或极显著水平;使京白、南果、蜜梨和黄冠的短枝率显著降低,中长枝率显著增加,而对黄金、绿宝石和红香酥的枝类组成影响不显著;可以显著增加8个品种枝条中部的发枝数量和抽生枝条长度,增加蜜梨、雪青、红香酥枝条基部的发枝数量,降低南果和绿宝石枝条基部的发枝数量,从而达到有效改善枝类构成的目的,为培养中小结果枝组奠定了充分的基础。

With the pear cultivars of Huangguan, Huangjin, Jingbai, Nanguo, Mili, Lvbaoshi, Xueqing and Hongxiangsu as test materials, the effects of carved bud on the germination rate, branching ability and new shoot growth of sapling one year branches of different pear varieties were studied. The results showed that the germination rates of eight varieties were increased by carving, and the differences of the germination rates of Jingbai, Nanguo, Mill, Lvbaoshi, Huangguan between carved bud and uncarved bud treatment reached significant or extremely significant level. The short branch rates were significantly decreased, the medium and long branch rates were significantly increased of Jingbai, Nanguo, Mili, Huangguan, and there was no significant effect on shoot types of Huangjin, Lvbaoshi and Hongxiangsu. The sprouted branches number and the sprouted branches length of central branches of eight varieties were increased significantly, and the sprouted branches number of base of branches of Mili, Xueqing and Hongxiangsu were raised, the sprouted branches number of base of branches of Nanguo and Lvbaoshi were reduced by carving, which could effectively improve the branch constitute and stablish the basis for the training of primary and secondary branches.