控释肥料配施对冬小麦产量和氮肥利用的影响

Effects of Controlled Release Urea Combined with Conventional Urea on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

采用完全随机区组设计,通过田间试验研究不同量的控释尿素(CRU)与普通尿素(U)配合基施(100%U,T1;100%CRU,T2;80%CRU+20%U,T3;60%CRU+40%U,T4)对冬小麦生长发育、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,在施氮量相等条件下,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理(T3和T4)冬小麦千粒重、穗粒数和收获指数与单施尿素(T1)相比显著增加,冬小麦产量提高7.42%～13.12%;此外,两种尿素配施能增加冬小麦成熟期籽粒中氮素的分配量,降低营养器官中氮素残留量;配施组(T3和T4)土壤氮素依存率降低了7.43%～11.04%,氮肥利用率提高了8.37%～14.05%,在一定程度上降低肥料成本,提高经济效益。试验条件下,以处理T4(60%CRU+40%U)效果最佳,该处理下冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率和经济效益达到最大。

The field experiment was conducted by using a randomized complete block design to investigate the effects of different dosages coated controlled release urea（CRU） combined with conventional urea （U） used as basal application on the growth and development, grain yield, nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat in this study. Five treat-ments were set, i.e. control （CK）, 100% U （T1）, 100% CRU （T2）, 80% CRU ＋ 20% U （T3）, 60% CRU ＋ 40% U （T4）. The results showed that the 1000-grain weight, grain number per ear, harvest index and grain yield were significantly increased in the treatments of T3 and T4 compared with T1 treatment in the same N-application. The grain yield of winter wheat was increased by 7.42% - 13.12%. Besides, in comparison with the T1 treatment, the amount of nitrogen accumulation in wheat grain was increased and the amount of residual nitrogen in vegetative organs was reduced at the mature stage in treatments T3 and T4. The nitrogen use efficiency were increased by 8.37% 14.05% and the soil nitrogen dependency ratio was reduced by 7.43%-11. 04% in these two treatments. Composite application of controlled--release urea and traditional urea could reduce fertilizer costs to some extent and improve the economic efficiency. In this study, the T4 treatment was recommended as the appropriate combination of controlled-release urea and traditional urea for the high grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and maximum economic benefits.