《西厢记》笔法通《左传》──金圣叹《西厢记》评点学发微

The Transition from The Romance of West Chamber toZuo Zhuan:Disquisition on Jin Sheng-tan's Criticism

金圣叹关注文学技巧,称美"法莫备于《左传》",且谓"我批《西厢》,以为读《左传》例也"。本文交相论证阐发:其一,《西厢记》之移堂就树法、月度回廊法,即《左传》经前起传、后经以终义、预叙逆摄诸法。其二,《西厢记》有狮子滚球法,金批《水浒传》有欲合故纵法;在《左传》叙事艺术,则有若离若合、若擒若纵之法。其三,金批《西厢记》,侧重欣赏烘云托月法、避实取虚法。《左传》叙事之颠倒主宾、轻重、详略,固早为此法开山;尤妙在无字句处,横接、旁溢、反射诸法,皆可作为文法之津梁、叙事文学之典范。

Jin Sheng-tan had edited and criticized six bel-esprit books,and these editions deserve careful examination.The literary technique had been emphasized through The Romance of West Chamber by Jin's criticism.There were three dimensions to be compared between The Romance of West Chamber and Zuo-zhuan.First,the removal and gyration of what is coherent between the two books.Second,there was similar narrative technique of trundling development in the two famous masterpieces.Third,the artistic expressional fashion about avoiding the main forces and striking the weak point of Zuo Zhuan had enlightened the production of The Romance of West Chamber,and made the famous drama become the apotheosis of Chinese narrative literature.