2010年西藏自治区结核病监测资料分析

Surveillance of tuberculosis in Tibet,2010 Pingcuozhuoma

目的了解西藏自治区(西藏)结核病流行情况,探讨防治策略。方法对西藏2010年结核病管理信息系统(结核专报系统)数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2010年西藏结核专报系统新登记患者3884例,新登记率为129.4/10万,较2009年下降11.4%。患者来源以因症就诊为主,各月均有疫情,3-4月最高;以男性、青壮年、藏族为主,平均年龄为(40.24±0.53)岁(χ2=137.017,P<0.05)。农民患者最多(68.48%),其次为牧民(13.1%)和学生(6.6%)。学生患者以16～20岁为主,占52.2%。外地户籍涂阳患者占52.1%。日喀则地区报告患者最多,其次为林芝、昌都和山南地区(χ2=265.592,P<0.05)。结论西藏结核病疫情呈下降趋势,患者以因症就诊为主,需要加强主动发现,加强以藏族、青壮年、农民、男性为主的健康教育及防治工作;学校结核病防治工作不容忽视,流动人口是结核病防治的薄弱环节。

Objective To understand the epiderniology of tuberculosis （TB） in Tibet and discuss the TB prevention and control strategy. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the TB surveillance data in Tibet in 2010 collected from Tibet TB reporting information system. Results In 2010, a total of 3884 new TB cases were registered, the registering rate of new TB cases was 129.4/lakh, a decline of 11.4% compared with 2009. Most TB cases were detected due to the medical care seeking for illness. TB occurred all the year around, but the incidence peaked during March-April. Most cases were young male adults of Tibetan, their average age was 40.24 ± 0.53 years （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The cases in farmers accounted for the highest proportion （ 67. 7% ）, followed by that in herdsmen （ 13.1% ） and students （6.6%）. The smear positive cases in floating population accounted for 52.1% of the total. The area reported highest case number was Xigaze, followed by Nyingchi, Qamdo and Shannan. The registering rates of new TB cases in these four areas were higher than other areas in Tibet （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of TB was in decline in Tibet. It is necessary to strengthen the active detection of TB because most cases were detected in hospital visit. The health education about TB prevention and control should be enhanced in Tibetan, young adults, farmers and males as well as students and floating population.