出院电话随访式健康教育在支气管哮喘患者中的应用

Application of health education of telephone visit in patients with bronchial asthma

目的通过电话随访对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者出院后进行健康教育,以提高患者对哮喘保健知识的认知和家庭自我护理能力,并提高其遵医行为。方法将160例哮喘患者随机分为观察组和对照组各80例。对观察组患者常规进行出院指导,于出院1周后开始定期进行电话随访,时间为1年;对照组不实施干预,只进行出院指导。采用自行设计问卷评价两组患者治疗效果。1年后对两组患者遵医行为和再入院情况进行比较。结果出院1年后两组患者掌握健康教育知识情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),观察组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.01);出院后1年内复诊率与再次住院率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论电话随访式健康教育能增强患者遵医行为,延续健康教育,控制哮喘发作,减少再入院次数(降低患者再住院率),减轻患者经济负担,对提高生活质量起到促进作用。

Objective To conduct the health education on the discharged patients with bronchial asthma by telephone visits to increase the patients＇ cognition of asthma care knowledge, the capability of family self-care and the compliance behavior. Methods 160 patients with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 80 cases in each group. The observation group accepted regular telephone visit for one year after the first week since discharged from hospital and the control group did not receive any intervention except the discharge guidance. The effects were evaluated by selfdesigned questionnaire. One year later, the compliance behavior and the re-admission status were compared between the two groups. Results The grasping status of the health education kowledge in 1 year after discharge from hospital had statistical difference between the two groups （P〈0.01）. The effects in the observation group was superior to the control group （P〈0.01）. The return visit rate and the redmission rate in 1 year after discharge from hospital had statistical diference between the two groups.The compliance behavior of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Conducting the health education of telephone visit can increase the patients＇ compliance behavior, continue the health education process, control asthma attack, reduce the readmission times,lighten the economic burden and improve the life quality.