我国环境污染事故源解析研究

Risk Source Analysis of Environmental Pollution Accidents in China

收集了2000～2010年我国环境污染事故统计数据，并从污染事故的风险致灾因子、引发原因和主要涉及行业3个角度，对11年间的1065起污染事故案例展开深度剖析。结果表明：2000～2010年间我国环境污染事故的主要风险致灾因子是工业废水，其造成的污染事故占事故总数的比例高达43％，应成为环境风险管理关注重点；人为因素引起的环境污染事故占事故总数的87．98％，是引发环境污染事故的主要原因；污染事故主要涉及的行业包括采矿业、制造业、电力燃气、水的生产和供应业、交通运输业及废物治理业，其中，化学原料及化学品制造业发生的环境污染事故累计次数较高，达82起。因此企业需积极提高自身风险管理与控制水平，同时相关部门需加强对重点行业、主要风险因子的监督审查力度。

This study collected 11 years statistic data of environmental pollution accidents in China from 2000 to 2010, comprehensively analyzed 1065 pollution accidents in 11 years from 3 aspects of risk factors, causes and major industries involved in accidents. The results showed that： the mainly risk factor of environmental pollution accidents was industrial wastewater, which accounted for 43% of the total number of accidents, so that industrial wastewater should be the priority of environmental risk management; accidents due to human factors accounted for 87.98% of the total number, which was the main cause of environmental pollution accidents; mining, mamffacturing, electricity, gas and water production and supply, transportation industry, and waste management industry were involved, in which the manufacturing of chemical raw materials and chemicals has the highest cumulative frequency of 82 pollntion accidents. Therefore, enterprises should actively improve their risk management and control level, while relevant departments need to strengthen the supervision of key industries and the main risk factors.