国内外城市职住空间匹配研究综述

A REVIEW ON JOBS-HOUSING SPATIAL MATCHING OF URBAN RESIDENTS

职住空间组织是城市内部空间结构的重要组成部分,二者的空间匹配关系对城市空间布局的合理性和城市运行的低碳性具有重大影响。本文从国外和国内两个方面回顾了城市职住空间匹配研究的主要内容及进展,并从基础理论研究、研究内容、研究方法等方面对国内外相关研究进行了对比分析,指出当前国内研究存在的问题和缺陷以及进一步深入研究的方向。

Jobs-housing spatial organization is one of the most important composes of a city＇s inner spatial structure, and the relationship between jobs and residential space has a significant impact on the rationality of urban spatial distribution and the low-carbon of urban operation. As the emerging of philosophical thoughts such as humanism, behaviorism and structuralism in human geography field, the internal spatial structure has gradually become an important topic of urban geography and urban planning. Jobs and residential spaces are the basic units of urban inner space, and has gradually become an important research object of related disci- plines, particularly in the process of urban spatial restruction, the topic on jobs-housing spatial organization has got extensive attention in geography circles. The relative studies of foreign scholars began earlier, date from 1960s, and have gradually formulated a perfect basic theory system and provided important conferences for domestic relative researches in China. And the domestic studies started late, date from 1980s, in the con- text of rapid spatial reconstruction and drastic institutional transformation in city areas, urban spatial structure with the unit yard as the basic unit in the period of planned economy collapsed step by step and the spatial pattern of traditional ＂jobs-housing approachable＂ is broken, the phenomenon of jobs-housing spatial mis- match in urban areas is more and more general and obvious. The paper reviews the newest progress of re- searches on jobs-housing spatial matching from home and abroad two aspects, and then compares the differ- ences in foreign and domestic relative researches in the aspects of researches on basic theory, research con- tents, research methods and the application of relative theories. The study indicates that, in the past half cen- tury, foreign scholars have done a mass of theoretic and empirical researches on urban jobs-housing matching, mainly put emphasis on the fundamental theoretical researches of jobs-housing matching, the measurement of jobs-housing matching, the impacts of jobs-housing mismatch on traffic and employment, the mechanisms of jobs-housing mismatch, etc. In the last, bases on the comparative analysis above, the paper points out the problems and shortcomings of current domestic researches, in order to provide some references for future studies to some degree.