高原旅客列车男性三乘人员健康状况的流行病学研究

Epidemiological Study on Health Condition of Three Kinds of High-altitude Male Train Crews

目的通过对高原列车男性三乘人员6年健康状况的评价,了解轮换周期对其健康的影响,为三乘人员的健康监护提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学、χ2检验对三乘人员的体检情况进行分析。结果研究分析3 628人次,总体不合格率以检车员最高,列车员最低。分层分析显示,2007年和2009年体检的总体不合格率和肺通气功能、ST-T改变、肝功能、红细胞计数等指标的异常率无差异,2010-2012年有差异;2008年异常率有差异的指标为肺通气功能、ST-T改变和红细胞计数,下壁异常Q波的差异仅出现在2012年。结论轮换周期长短对三乘人员健康有影响,肺通气功能、ST-T改变及红细胞增多三项指标用于健康监护敏感性较强,下壁异常Q波则偏弱。

Objective： Through the evaluation on three kinds of condition of six years, to understand the effect of the alternation cycle high-altitude male train crews health on crews＇ health condition, in order to provide the basis for health monitor of high-altitude train crews. Method：Using descriptive epidemiology and chi-square test, to analyze data of physical examination of high-altitude train crews. Results：Survey of 3628 person-times, the overall unqualified rate of physical examination about the train-examiners is the highest, passenger-traffic-attendants the lowest. Layer 1 of year of chi-square test showed that there is no significant difference among the crews about overall unqualified rate and abnormal rates of the indicators of pulmonary ventilation function, ST-T change, liver function and the amount of erythrocyte in 2007 and 2009, but 2010- 2012 appeared significant difference. In 2008, the abnormal rates of three indicators of pulmonary ventilation function, ST-T change and the amount of erythrocyte are difference among the crews. And the abnormal rate of under-wall abnormal Q wave appeared difference only in 2012. Conclusion：The alternation cycle is on the influence of high-altitude train crews. For health monitor, three indicators of pulmonary ventilation function, ST-T change and the increase of erythroeyte are strong sensitivity, and under-wall abnormal Q wave is weak.