建国初期党对知识分子思想政治教育的历史考察

Historical Review of Ideological and Political Education for Intellectuals in the Early Stage of PRC

新中国成立初期,为了赢得知识分子对党的执政地位和新的国家政权的广泛认同,并激发知识分子参加国家建设工作的政治热情,党提出了对青年知识分子和旧知识分子进行政治教育之主张。中国共产党从知识分子的思想特点和政治心态出发,采取灵活多样的方式对知识分子实施了马克思主义理论教育、阶级立场转变教育和工农群众观点教育、宣传唯物主义和批判唯心主义教育。建国初期党对知识分子的思想政治教育是富有成效的,极大地调动了知识分子建设新中国的热情。但在教育过程中,混淆了思想政治教育与学术批判的界限,思想政治教育演变成了思想批判运动,给知识分子心灵造成了伤害和负面影响,在一定程度上削弱了党对知识分子思想政治教育的实际效果。

In the early stage of PRC, In order to win the intellectuals widespread recognition of the Party＇s ruling status and the new state power, and inspire intellectuals to participate in the political enthusiasm for nation-building work, Party advocated political education for young intellectuals and old intellectuals.According to the political mind and characteristics of intellectuals, the Communist Party of China implemented Marxism theory education, class position transition and the view of the masses of workers and peasants education, propagated materialism and criticized idealism in intellectuals by flexible and diverse ways. The intellectuals ideological and political education was fruitful, it greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of intellectuals to construct new country. But in the process of education, it had been confusion between ideological and political education academic criticism boundaries, ideological and political education had changed into ideological criticism movement, which damaged the intellectuals heart and weakened the ideological and political education actual effect.