中国古典诗歌中的扬雄典事及其主导取向——以扬雄的儒学史境遇为参照

Yang Xiong's Lexicalized Allusions in Classical Chinese Poems and Its Leading Orientations——Reference to Yang Xiong's Circumstances in Confucian History

扬雄典事在中国古代诗歌中出现频率较高。相关诗篇大都围绕扬雄的高才命世、寂寞不遇、恬淡自适而着墨,并形成扬雄宅、扬雄赋等内涵较为稳固的意象。扬雄在儒学史上的地位则先升后降,北宋以前,地位较高,宋明程朱理学盛行以后,扬雄被称为莽大夫,受到排抑。儒学视阈中的扬雄进入诗歌领域,或者汇入寂寞自适等主流题材,或将之塑造为躁进失身的曲士,但后一类作品不但数量有限,且不能动摇古典诗歌中业已生成的扬雄典事内涵的稳固性。

Yang Xiong＇s lexicalized allusions appeared at a rather high frequency in classical Chinese poems.Those allusions illustrated mostly Yang＇s unusual talent and poor fate,solitude,and indifference and self-satisfaction,fossilizing several implication-fixed images,such as Yang Xiong＇s residence and Fu-poetry.In contrast,however,Yang-s place in the Confucian history rose first and then fell.Before the North Song Dynasty,he enjoyed a high place,but after Neo-Confucianism established by Cheng Ying and Zhu Xi became popular,Yang-s fame suffered,belittled as the Rude Lord.In terms of Confucianism,the poetized Yang Xiong turned into a subject matter of solitude and self-satisfaction or was portrayed as a radical ungraceful scholar with poor fate.However,the few works that dismissed Yang Xiong were not popular and could by no means affect the solid implications of Yang＇s well-established lexicalized allusions.