中国对非洲农业援助形式的演变及其效果

The Transformation and Effects of Chinese Agricultural Aid to Africa

几十年来中国对非洲大陆提供了大量农业方面的援助,以促进当地农村的社会和经济发展。虽然中方援助者始终在积极尝试改进援助方式,但总体来说农业援助的有效性和可持续性仍不能完全令人满意。作者通过回顾20世纪60-70年代至今的各种农业援助形式的表现,尤其是对当前正在开展的中国在非洲的农业技术示范中心进行案例研究,反思中国援助项目在非洲无法实现预期目标和难以持久的原因,并探寻进一步改善援助效果的方法。作者认为对非洲援助形式的演变与中国自身的市场改革过程密切相关,援助项目逐步市场化运作体现了中国的发展经验,但非洲农村的独特环境对实施项目的中方企业提出挑战,援助者需要在具体实践中仔细摸索可行路径。同时,中国农业援非的探索过程也反映了国际发展援助的普遍困境,在推动落后地区经济发展时,外来援助往往无法融入当地社会,达成本质内生的转变。问题的解决要求援助者转变思路,不以外加标准来衡量援助效果,而应将援助视为协助当地社会向现代化转变的助推器和润滑剂,并从受援国长期整体的发展以及全球经济一体化的角度出发对援助作用进行全面评价。

In the last five decades,China has provided a large amount of agricultural aid to African countries to promote socio-economic development in the continent's rural area,but the effectiveness and the sustainability of these aid projects are not always satisfactory.The author reviews different forms of Chinese agricultural aid to Africa from the 1960s to today,especially the ongoing agricultural technology demonstration center,to examine their performance and explore the reasons for their failure and unsustainability.The transformation of China's aid forms shows an growing emphasis on marketoriented operation,which is based on China's own experience of reform and development,but this idea meets obstacles in the unique environment of African rural areas and requires prudent practices of Chinese implementers.Meanwhile,challenges facing Chinese aid programs also reflect the puzzle of international development aid.Foreign aid usually fails to integrate with the local community or trigger substantial indigenous development.To solve the puzzle,we need to take a different view on the function of foreign aid.External standards and models cannot be simply borrowed to measure the effects on the aid recipients,who have their own socio-cultural contexts.Aid merely helps developing countries accelerate their ongoing modernization process in a smoother manner.It is through the lens of recipient countries' long-term overall development and economic globalization that we can appropriately evaluate the effectiveness of aid projects.