区域城市旅游效率的空间特征及溢出效应分析——以长三角为例

Study on Spatial Characteristics and Spillover Effects of Urban Tourism Efficiency: A Case of Yangtze River Delta

基于2004—2010年长三角25座旅游联盟城市旅游业投入产出数据,采用修正DEA模型测算了城市旅游效率,并运用ESDA-GIS和空间计量模型对旅游效率的空间特征与溢出效应进行了研究。结果表明:①长三角城市旅游总效率呈现提升态势,源于规模效率的不断增强;②总效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均存在较强的空间集聚性,总效率和纯技术效率的热点区呈现以上海为中心的圈层空间结构,冷点区向赣北、皖南集聚。规模效率的热点区位于赣北、皖南地区,冷点区集中在上海周围;③城市旅游效率存在空间溢出效应和空间依赖性,固定资产和劳动力投入是旅游效率的主要正向影响因子。通过深化区域旅游合作、整合旅游产业链和优化投入要素比例等可有效推动长三角旅游业持续健康发展。

Based on tourism input-0utput date of 25 tourism alliances cities in Yangtze River Delta from 2004 to 2010, the paper analyzes tourism efficiency, spatial characteristics and spillover effects by use of improved DEA model, ESDA-GIS and spatial econometric model. The results show that： ①Overall efficiency of regional urban tourism has presented an increasing trend, mainly due to the enhancement of the tourism scale efficiency.②Overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of regional urban tourism have a strong spatial autocorrelation. The hot spots of overall efficiency and pure technical efficiency in urban tourism present shanghai as the centre of spheres spatial structure, and the cold spots are gathering to the north of Jiangxi province and south of Anhui province. The hot spots of scale efficiency in urban tourism are mainly located in the north of Jiangxi province and south of Anhui province, and the cold spots concentrated around Shanghai. ③Overall efficiency of urban tourism exists obvious spatial spillover effects and spatial dependence. The input of fixed assets and labor in urban tourism are the major positive impact factor to overall efficiency. By deepening regional cooperation in tourism, integrating tourism industrial chain and optimizing the proportion of input factors it can effectively promote the sustainable and healthy development of urban tourism in the Yangtze River Delta.