“BEFORE/AFTER”的语义结构及汉译的认知研究

A Cognitive Study on Semantic Structures and Chinese Translation of "BEFORE/AFTER"

从认知角度,分析"BEFORE/AFTER"的语义结构。基于意象图式为基础,借助空间隐喻为手段,二词的方位语义映射产生时间、状态及逻辑关系语义。并通过分析BNC语料,得知在二词的语义网络中时间语义的地位最高。借助分析"BEFORE/AFTER"各认知域语义与意象图式间的关系,揭示二词的语义存在三个层次,即表层、中层及深层。在汉译过程中,译者首先需要使用"花园路径"的方法判定二词的语义层,然后再确定二词的具体语义。希望此研究能全面提高英语学习者对二词的综合使用能力及汉译能力,并激发更多的学者将认知与翻译相结合,取得更大的成果。

From the perspective of cognition, this paper mainly analyzes the semantic structures of ＂BEFORE/ AFTER＂. Based on image schemata and by means of spatial metaphors, the spatial meanings of＂BEFORE^AFTER＂ is projected into three cognitive domains and generate three kinds of meanings which refer to time, state and logical relation. By means of analyzing BNC corpus, the paper has shown that the meaning of time has taken up the highest status in semantic networks of these two words. With the help of analyzing relationship between four kinds of cognitive meanings and image schemata, this paper has revealed that the meanings of＂BEFORE/AFTER＂ have got three levels： surface level, middle level and deep level. During the Chinese translation, at first a translator needs to use the method of＂Garden Path＂ to judge which level the meanings of these two words belong to, and then further judge definite meanings of them. The writer wishes this research could improve English learners＇ comprehensive using competence and Chinese translating competence of ＂BEFORE/AFTER＂, and inspire more scholars to combine cog- nitive research and translating research together in order to get more achievements.