广州市风水林植物组成及分布区类型分析

Analyses on species composition and areal-type of "Fengshui woods" in Guangzhou City

在野外实地调查及查阅标本和相关资料的基础上,对广州市12个行政区的风水林分布数量以及植物组成和分布区类型进行了分析。结果表明:广州市共有162座风水林,其中,阳宅风水林有153座,数量最多(占风水林总数的94.44%);在12个行政区域中,从化市的风水林数量最多(78座)。广州市风水林共有野生维管植物140科397属732种(变种),包含蕨类植物18科30属55种(变种)、裸子植物3科3属4种、被子植物119科364属673种(变种);其中22种为广州新记录植物。广州市风水林种子植物的分布区类型以热带成分为主,同时在一定程度上也受到温带成分的影响,其中热带分布型科、属和种的数量分别为70科、289属和304种,温带分布型科、属和种的数量分别为17科、41属和2种;虽然中国特有分布型属仅2属,但在种水平上特有现象明显,中国特有种207种,其中华南特有分布型70种,分别占广州市风水林种子植物总种数的31.11%和10.51%。另外,广州市风水林共包含国家重点保护植物8种。根据调查结果,提出了广州市风水林的保育对策。

Based on field investigation and consulting of specimens and related data, the distribution amount, species composition and areal-type of ＂Fengshui woods＂ in 12 districts of Guangzhou City were analyzed. The results show that there are 162 ＂Fengshui woods＂ in Guangzhou City, in which, there are 153 ＂Yangzhai Fengshui woods＂, their number is the most （accounting for 94.44% of total number of ＂Fengshui woods＂） ; Among 12 districts, the number of ＂Fengshui woods＂ in Conghua City is the most （78）. There are 732 species （including varieties） of wild vascular plants belonging to 397 genera in 140 families, including 55 species （including varieties ） of pteridophyte belonging to 30 genera in 18 families, 4 species of gymnosperm belonging to 3 genea in 3 families and 673 species （including varieties） of angiosperm belonging to 364 genera in 119 families; in which, there are 22 species as new records in Guangzhou City. The seed plant areal-type of ＂Fengshui woods＂ in Guangzhou City is mainly tropical element and also is affected by temperate element in a certain degree, in which, numbers of family, genus and species of the tropical type is 70 families, 289 genera and 304 species, respectively, and those of the temperate type is 17 families, 41 genera and 2 species, respectively. Although, there are only 2 genera of endemic type in China, but the endemism is notable in species level, there are 207 endemic species in China in which 70 species are the endemic to South China, accounting for 31.11% and 10.51% of total species number of seed plant of ＂Fengshui woods＂ in Guangzhou City, respectively. In addition, there are 8 species of the national key protected plants. According to the investigation results, conservation policies of ＂Fengshui woods＂ in Guangzhou City are put forward.