β-氯氰菊酯对斑马鱼胚胎的发育毒性

Developmental toxicity of insecticide beta-cypermethrin on zebrafish embryos

目的以斑马鱼胚胎为模型,探讨一种高效氯氰菊酯β-氯氰菊酯对胚胎发育的影响。方法 丙酮为助溶剂,配制β-氯氰菊酯0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.6和1 mg.L-1,采用换水式每12 h更换一半β-氯氰菊酯溶液,对斑马鱼胚胎进行96 h暴露处理,采用显微镜观察β-氯氰菊酯0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.6和1 mg.L-1对斑马鱼胚胎发育形态,测定受精后24 h(24 hpf)自主抽动次数、48 hpf心率及孵化率、72和96 hpf体轴弯曲个体比例等。结果 与正常对照组比较,β-氯氰菊酯0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.6和1 mg.L-1组斑马鱼胚胎在24 hpf前形态上未出现明显异常,48 hpf以后表现出体轴弯曲、心包囊肿等不同程度的毒性反应症状,β-氯氰菊酯0.2 mg.L-1组幼鱼胸鳍发育即受到严重抑制且黑色素减少体色偏黄;随着β-氯氰菊酯浓度的增加,斑马鱼胚胎在24 hpf时每分钟自主抽动次数由正常对照组的(0.72±0.19)次增加至(3.83±1.07)次(P<0.05);48 hpf孵化率由对照组的(15.5±4.3)%升高至(98.9±1.2)%(P<0.05)。β-氯氰菊酯0.05 mg.L-1组72 hpf和96 hpf体轴弯曲个体比例分别为6.6%和10%,β-氯氰菊酯1 mg.L-1组分别为97.8%和100%。结论 β-氯氰菊酯对斑马鱼胚胎的神经及形态发育均有明显抑制作用,并且呈现一定的时间剂量依赖性。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the developmental toxicity of embryos of beta-cypermethrin with zebrafish embryos as a model. METHODS Acetone as a solubilizing agent was used to assist in stock solution preparation. The embryos were exposed to beta-cypermethrin 0.05, 0.1,0.15, 0.2, 0.6 and 1 mg.L-1 solutions for 96 h and inspected daily with microscopy for sublethal endpoints. Half of the solution was replaced every 12 h, 24 hours post-fertilization （hpf） spontaneous movements, 48 hpf heart rate, 48 hpf hatching rate, and 72 h pf and 96 hpf spine malformation rate were detected. RESULTS Compared with normal control embryos, no abnormalities were observed in beta-cyper- methrin groups before 24 hpf, but pericardial edema and abnormal heartbeat were observed after 48 hpf. Besides, the development of pectoral fin and weak pigmentation was severely inhibited in beta-cyper methrin 0.2 mg·L-1 group. 24 hpf Spontaneous movements in beta-cypermethrin groups significantly increased from around （0.72 ±0.19） to （3.83± 1.07） movements per 60 s （P 〈0.05）; 48 hpf hatching rate was promoted from （ 15.5±4.3） % to （98.9 ±1.2） % （ P 〈 0.05） ; 72 hpf and 96 hpf spine malfor- mations effects were also detected and quantified for exposed embryos, 6, 6% and 10% in beta-cyper- methrin 0.05 mg·L-1 group respectively, but 97.8% and 100% in beta-cypermethrin 1 mg·L-1 group respectively. CONCLUSION This bioassay offers useful information and sheds light on the embryoic toxicity of beta-cypermethrin on nontarget organisms.