拇指桡侧筋膜瓣在甲床重度缺损修复中的应用

REPAIR OF SEVERE NAIL BED DEFECTS WITH RADIAL DORSAL FASCIOCUTANEOUS FLAP OF THUMB

目的总结应用拇指桡侧筋膜瓣修复甲床重度缺损的疗效。方法 2009年5月-2012年1月,收治16例甲床重度缺损患者。男10例,女6例;年龄16～54岁,平均36岁。致伤原因:挤压伤10例,电锯伤4例,烫伤2例。损伤指别:拇指3例,示指4例,中指5例,环指3例,小指1例。受伤至手术时间为2 h～8 d,平均19.3 h。患者除甲床缺损外,指腹软组织基本完整;其中9例伴末节指骨骨折。皮肤软组织缺损范围为0.9 cm×0.6 cm～2.3 cm×2.1 cm。甲床缺损程度按照周庆文等提出的甲床损伤分度标准,Ⅲ度6例,Ⅳ度10例。切取大小为1.0 cm×0.6 cm～2.5 cm×2.2 cm的拇指桡侧筋膜瓣,拇指缺损行逆行移位修复,2～5指行带蒂移位修复。供区直接缝合或游离植皮修复。结果术后皮瓣及植皮均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。16例患者均获随访,随访时间6～12个月,平均8个月。皮瓣质地柔软,颜色与周围皮肤相似。末次随访时,患指功能根据总主动活动度评分法,获优10例,良4例,可2例,优良率87.5%。结论采用拇指桡侧筋膜瓣修复甲床重度缺损具有创伤小、手术操作简便等优点,能获得较好疗效。

Objective To summarize the effectiveness of radial dorsal fasciocutaneous flap of thumb for repairing severe nail bed defects. Methods Between May 2009 and January 2012, 16 patients with severe nail bed defect were treated with radial dorsal fasciocutaneous flap of the thumb. There were 10 males and 6 females, aged 16-54 years （mean, 36 years）. The causes of injury included crush injury in 10 cases, chainsaw injury in 4 cases, and scald in 2 cases; injured fingers were thumb in 3 cases, index finger in 4 cases, middle finger in 5 cases, ring finger in 3 cases, and little finger in 1 case. The time between injury and operation was 2 hours to 8 days （mean, 19.3 hours）. Of 16 patients, 9 complicated by distal phalanx fracture. The area of defect ranged from 0.9 cm× 0.6 cm to 2.3 cm ×2.1 cm. According to ZHOU Qingwen＇s grading system for nail bed defects, 6 cases were rated as degree Ⅲ and 10 cases as degree IV. The area of flap ranged from 1.0 cm ×0.6 cm to 2.5 cm× 2.2 cm. Retrograde transposition was performed to repair the thumb defect, and pedicled transposition to repair the 2nd-5th fingers defects. The donor sites were directly sutured or were repaired with skin graft. Results All flaps and skin grafts survived, and wounds healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-12 months （mean, 8 months）. The color, texture, and contour of the flaps were good. According to total active motion standard, the finger function was assessed as excellent in 10 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 2 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 87.5%. Conclusion Radial dorsal fasciocutaneous flap of thumb is a reliable flap with easy dissection and less trauma in repair of severe nail bed defects.