基于蚁群算法的能量均衡多路径路由算法的研究

A Study on the Energy Balance Ant-Based Multipath Routing Algorithm

对现有的基于蚁群算法的路由协议进行了深入的研究,并提出了一种基于蚁群算法的能量均衡多路径路由算法(ABMR),该算法在蚂蚁数据包结构、信息素更新公式、信息素更新方式和多路径建立机制等方面作了改进。在信息素更新公式中综合考虑了路径的能量消耗速度、路径上剩余的最小能量、距离目的节点Sink的跳数和路径的拥塞程度。在信息素更新方式上,改变传统的信息素的累加更新方式,采用彻底的链路信息素更新方式,使网络负载更加均衡。ABMR的多路径生成机制可以在源节点和目的节点间更加合理的建立起多条路径。数据发送阶段,概率路由选择策略使数据流量均衡的注入无线传感器网络。在NS-2仿真环境下对ABMR协议进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明,和传统协议比较,ABMR协议在能量有效性、数据分组投递率以及分组端到端时延等方面都有一定的提高。

The existing routing protocols based on ant balance ant-based multipath routing algorithm（ ABMR） is colony optimization are studied. Furthermore, an energy proposed. In the new algorithm, the ant packet structure, pheromone update formulas, pheromone update mode and the mechanism of multipath established are all improved. In the pheromone update formula, ABMR takes into account the energy consumption rate of path, the remaining minimum energy of path, the hops from Sink and the congestion of path. Different from the traditional incremental pheromone update mode, pheromone will be thoroughly updated when the node receives a backward ant. With a new muhipath mechanism, ABMR can be more reasonable to establish multiple paths between source node and destination node. Probabilistic routing mechanism is designed to make data flow into network more balance. We conduct a series of simulations using NS2 for the performance of ABMR. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm achieves a improvement in energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay.