隐藏嗜酸菌Acidiphilium cryptum的研究进展

Progresses on Acidiphilium cryptum

分离自酸性矿坑水的隐藏嗜酸菌Acidiphilium cryptum具有化能兼养型细菌的典型特征,在缺乏有机质的环境中能启用体内硫氧化代谢途径营化能自养,进行硫化矿物的分解;而在有机质存在时该菌营异养生长,并在体内合成聚β羟基丁酸酯(polyhydroxybutyrate,PHB),此外在酸性条件下对Fe(III)和Cr(VI)等金属离子具有还原作用,并具有发展微生物燃料电池的潜力.该菌因其独特的生理特性及在浸矿微生物群落中的显著生态地位而在生物冶金、环境修复、生物材料等领域具有重要的经济和社会意义.对隐藏嗜酸菌的生物学特性、分离培养方法、重要特性的研究进展以及应用等方面的国内外研究现状进行综述,并对其应用前景和研究趋势进行展望.

Acidiphilium cryptum, the bacterium isolated from acid mine water, has all of the typical qualities of facultative heterotrophic bacterium. It can grow as chemolitho-autotrophs in the environment lacking organic matter and grow heterotrophically on organic carbon sources, coupled to the synthesis of polyhydrox-ybutyrate in the cell. Besides, it can reduce high valence metal ions, such as Fe（III） and Cr（VI）, under acid conditions, so it can be used to develop the microbial fuel cell. Based on the above-mentioned particular physiological characteristics and ecological status, A cidiphilium cryptum has good application prospects in the fields of biohydrometallurgy, environmental remediation, biomaterial and so on. The studies of the physiological characteristics, isolation and cultivation method, main application and research progress of A cidiphilium cryptum were reviewed, and its application prospect was introduced.